Coronary Processes

Two coronary processes are significant in anatomical studies, specifically one involving the mandible and one pertaining to the sacrum.

Sacrum Overview

The sacrum is a vital part of the axial skeleton, forming the posterior part of the pelvic girdle. It consists of five fused vertebrae (S1-S5) and is positioned between the lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx. Its bony structure plays an essential role in weight transfer from the upper body to the lower limbs and serves as a foundation for the pelvis. Additionally, the sacrum has an auricular surface that articulates with the iliac bones of the pelvis, forming the sacroiliac joints, which are crucial for stability and mobility.

Sacral Anatomic Features

• Sacral Crest:

  • This feature is formed by the fusion of several bony processes that provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles.

  • Medial Sacral Crest: The midline elevation on the posterior aspect of the sacrum, formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae. This crest is important for muscle attachment.

  • Lateral Sacral Crest: Located on each side of the sacrum, representing the fused transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae. These crests provide additional sites for muscular attachment and play a role in the biomechanical functions of the sacrum.

Shape and Location

• The sacrum has a distinctive triangular shape, which is instrumental in its function as a keystone in the pelvic structure.

• Base of the Sacrum: Located at the superior end, near the iliac region and slightly under the love handles. It articulates with the last lumbar vertebra (L5) and is broader than the apex, which is positioned inferiorly.

Clinical Relevance

Inflammation in the lateral portion of the sacrum is a common issue, particularly in individuals engaged in physical activities that involve repetitive or high-impact movements.

• Example: Activities like golfing can lead to conditions such as 'golf elbow,' a term used to describe pain resulting from overuse of muscles and tendons in the elbow and forearm, which can affect one’s performance and lifestyle. Additionally, sacral pain may be misdiagnosed as sciatica or other lower back issues, highlighting the importance of understanding sacral anatomy and its related pathologies for effective treatment and management.