James William Daschuk - Clearing the Plains_ Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life (2013)

Colonialism is the practice or policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by establishing economic and political dominance over other nations or territories. It often involves the settlement of colonists and the exploitation of resources. Colonialism can manifest in various forms, including:

1. Settler Colonialism

   • Involves large-scale settlements of people from the colonizing country, often leading to the displacement or subjugation of indigenous populations.

2. Exploitation Colonialism

   • Focuses primarily on the extraction of resources and economic benefits from the colonized regions without significant migration of the colonizers.

3. Protectorate or Annexation

   • Countries or territories are controlled indirectly or directly, maintaining local governance but under the ultimate control of the colonizing nation.
     Colonialism has historically resulted in significant cultural, social, and economic changes in the colonized societies, often involving the imposition of the colonizer's culture, language, and political structures, leading to long-lasting impacts even after formal end of colonial rule.