grammar 1 - 2

1.1

Formal : used to make a verb or adjective formal “ explain action/condition “

습니다/ ㅂ 니다

consonant / batchim present: base + 습니다

vowel / no batchim: + ㅂ니다

examples:

이에요 - 입니다

덥다 - 덥습니다

Formal question: used to make a verb/ adjective question formal

습니까? / ㅂ 니까?

consonant / batchim present: base + 습니까?

vowel / no batchim: + ㅂ니까?

이에요 - 입니까?

덥다 - 덥습니까?

1.2

지요? - to confirm something you already know

~ equivalent to like ___ right?

“Its your bday right”

*Nouns with batchim present - 이지요?

Nouns with no batchim - 지요?

verb stem + 지요?

example:

좋아하다 - 좋아하지요? (verb form)

하나 씨지요?

금요일이지요?

2.1

Negating sentences (formal)

지 않다

A/V stem + 지 않다

example:

바쁘다 → 바쁘지 않다 —> 바쁘지 않습니다 (formal) —> 바쁘지 않아요 —> 바쁘지 않습니까?

2.2

Conjugation rules with adjectives and verbs ending with ㄹ

Review: verbstem + ㄹ 거예요 —> going to do verb

formal form of this is verbstem + ㄹ 겁니다

If Ast/Vst end in ㄹ, it turns into ㅂ