Untitled Flashcards Set

Key Terms and Their Importance

1. Triangular Trade: Economic system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Significance: Fueled the global economy and intensified the slave trade.

2. Transatlantic Slave Trade: Forced migration of African slaves to the Americas. Impact: Devastated African societies and transformed the labor systems of the Americas.

3. Queen Nzinga: Leader of the Kingdom of Ndongo who resisted Portuguese colonization. Importance: Symbol of African resistance.

4. Kingdom of Ndongo and Kingdom of Congo: Central African kingdoms involved in trade and colonial interactions. Their significance lies in their resistance and involvement in the slave trade.

5. Civil Service Exam: Exam system in China during the Qing dynasty. Importance: Maintained bureaucratic meritocracy and Confucian ideology.

6. Qing Dynasty and Manchu: Last imperial Chinese dynasty, ruled by the Manchus. Importance: Managed foreign influence while maintaining traditional Chinese governance.

7. Kangxi: One of the greatest Qing emperors. His rule saw territorial expansion and cultural flourishing.

8. Ottoman Empire: Powerful Islamic empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa. Key leaders include:

   • Mehmed the Conqueror: Captured Constantinople, transforming the empire.

   • Suleiman the Magnificent: Expanded the empire and fostered cultural growth.

9. Safavid Empire: Shi'a Islamic empire in Persia.

   • Shah Ismail: Founder, promoted Twelver Shiism.

   • Shah Abbas: Strengthened the empire militarily and economically.

10. Mughal Empire: Islamic empire in India.

• Babur: Founder of the Mughal Empire.

• Akbar: Promoted religious tolerance and administrative reforms.

• Aurangzeb: Expanded the empire but reversed Akbar's tolerant policies.

11. Imperialism: The practice of extending rule over foreign lands. Importance: Reshaped global power dynamics.

Major Relationships and Themes

• Globalized Trade and Labor Systems: Increased global trade transformed labor systems, including slavery and wage labor.

• Impact of Slave Trade on African Societies: Depopulation and destabilization of African states.

• Continuity and Change in East Asia: Persistence of Confucian governance and economic systems, but increasing pressure from foreign influences.

• Resistance to Foreign Influence: China's rejection of European trade and Japan's Sakoku (closed-country policy).

• Islamic Empires: Evolving government structures and social hierarchies while maintaining strong religious foundations.

• Religious Influences: Shaping governance in both East Asia (Confucianism) and Islamic empires (Sunni and Shia Islam).

• Resistance to Imperialism: Cultural and military opposition in both East Asia and the Islamic world.

Possible Exam Questions

1. Compare and contrast existing and new trade networks and their impacts on global interactions.

2. Explain how the demand for labor affected social and economic structures.

3. Discuss the growth of new ideas and their influence on global regions.

4. Evaluate the extent to which state expansion caused global change.

5. How did rulers legitimate their authority during the period from 1450 to 1750?

6. Evaluate the impact of imperial expansion on China.