MIDTERM 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM DATE: 2/18

Word Processing
• Morphology
o Definition, examples
o Free vs bound morphemes
o Inflectional vs derivational morphemes
• Mental lexicon
• Semantic network approach to semantic memory organization
o Nodes, links, semantic relatedness represented by distance
o Spreading activation
▪ What is it, key features (fast & automatic)
▪ How does it explain priming effects?
o Priming
▪ Repetition priming, semantic priming, mediated priming
▪ ERP N400 effects of priming
o Support for this theory – Neely, 1977
• Associationist approaches
o How are these different from semantic network approaches?
o Examples (HAL, LSA)
o How is meaning represented?
o Support for this approach – Rhodes & Donalson, 2007
• Symbol grounding problem
• Embodied semantics
o Affordances
o Support – Glenberg & Robertson, 2000; Chwilla et al., 2007
• Lexical access
o First-generation models
▪ Key features (driven by bottom-up processing, rely a lot on feature detection)
▪ Pandemonium
▪ Logogen
▪ Frequency ordered serial bin search
o Second-generation models
▪ Key features (incorporate top-down processing & interactivity)
▪ TRACE
▪ Cohort
o Third-general models

▪ Key features (build from previous work, incorporating computational modeling)
▪ Simple Recurrent Network
▪ Distributed Cohort Model
Sentence Processing
• Prescriptivist vs descriptivist grammar
• What is syntax? What is syntactic parsing?
• Word categories
• Phrase structure trees / phrase structure rules
• Syntactic ambiguity
o Global vs temporary
o “garden path” ambiguities
• Immediacy principle
• Two-stage theories of parsing
o Minimal attachment
o Late closure
o Stage 1 processes vs stage 2 processes
• Constraint-based theories of parsing
o Key differences from two-stage approaches
o Parallel processing, competition for activation
o Types of information that can influence parsing
• Good-enough parsing
o Key features, differences from other models
Psycholinguistic Methods
• Behavioral methods
o Examples, what kinds of experiments could you use, what insights can you draw, advantages,
disadvantages
• Eye-tracking
o Examples, what kinds of experiments could you use, what insights can you draw, advantages,
disadvantages
• ERPs/EEG
o Examples, what kinds of experiments could you use, what insights can you draw, advantages,
disadvantages
• fMRI
o Examples, what kinds of experiments could you use, what insights can you draw, advantages,
disadvantages