Exam 3 Study Guide – SP 2025 NUR304 Fundamentals in Nursing Practice

Exam 3 Study Guide – NUR304 Fundamentals in Nursing Practice

Chapter 6: Health & Wellness

• Levels of Prevention

  • Primary Prevention:
  • Prevents disease before it occurs.
  • Focus: Reducing risk factors and promoting health.
  • Examples:
    • Health education
    • Immunizations
    • Physical fitness programs
    • Nutritional programs
  • Secondary Prevention:
  • Detects and treats existing diseases early to slow their progress.
  • Focus: Slowing down disease progression.
  • Examples:
    • Screenings (e.g., blood pressure, diabetes)
    • Early diagnosis
    • Prompt treatment
  • Tertiary Prevention:
  • Reduces the impact of long-term illness or disability.
  • Focus: Reducing complications and improving quality of life.
  • Examples:
    • Rehabilitation
    • Support groups
    • Interventions to prevent complications

• Health Promotion, Education, and Illness Prevention Activities

  • Health Promotion:
  • Encourages individuals to maintain or improve health.
  • Focus: Overall wellness.
  • Example: Regular exercise, balanced diets.
  • Health Education:
  • Provides information and skills for healthy choices.
  • Example: Teaching stress management, self-care.
  • Illness Prevention:
  • Protects from potential health threats.
  • Example: Immunization programs, lifestyle counseling.

Chapter 25: Patient Education

• Learning vs Teaching

  • Learning:
  • Acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes.
  • Teaching:
  • Imparting knowledge through directed activities.

• Learner's Needs

  • Motivation to Learn: Internal state directing behavior.
  • Influenced by the belief in the need to know.
  • 5 Rights to Learning:
    • Right time
    • Right context
    • Right goal
    • Right content
    • Right method

• Three Domains of Learning

  • Cognitive Learning:
  • Recognition, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating knowledge.
  • Affective Learning:
  • Changes in feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and values.
  • Psychomotor Learning:
  • Hands-on skills involving mental and physical activities.

Chapter 46: Urinary Elimination

• Urinary Retention:
  • Accumulation of urine; inability to empty bladder.
  • Causes: Obstruction, inflammation, neurological issues, medications, anxiety.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
  • Symptoms: Dysuria, cystitis, foul-smelling urine.
  • Risk factors: CAUTI, age, gender, hygiene practices.
• Urinary Incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine.
  • Types: Urge, stress, overactive bladder.
• Urinary Diversions:
  • Ureterostomy: Reroutes urine flow using a stoma.
  • Continent urinary reservoir: Store urine, requires external bag.
  • Orthotopic neobladder: New bladder from intestine, normal urination.

Chapter 44: Pain Management

• Acute vs Chronic Pain

  • Acute Pain: Short duration, identifiable cause.
  • Chronic Pain: Long-lasting, can impact quality of life.

• Pharmacological Interventions:

  • Analgesics: Nonopioids, opioids, adjuvants.

• Non-Pharmacological Approaches:

  • Cognitive/behavioral strategies, relaxation techniques, distractions.

Chapter 45: Nutrition

• Nursing Process (ADPIE)
  • Assessment of dietary history, lab tests, and any adverse symptoms.
• Implementation:
  • Promote healthy eating, meal planning, and feeding assistance.

Chapter 47: Bowel Elimination

• Common Problems:
  • Constipation, diarrhea, impaction, incontinence.
• Assessment: Identify reasons for alterations in bowel patterns.

Wound Care & Pressure Injuries (Chapters 48 & 50)

• Staging Pressure Injuries:

  • Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema.
  • Stage 2: Partial thickness loss.
  • Stage 3: Full thickness loss without exposure of deeper structures.
  • Stage 4: Extensive loss with exposed bone or muscle.

• Braden Scale: Tool for predicting pressure injury risk.

• Postoperative Phase:

  • Focus on recovery, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring proper education about recovery processes.

• Patient Safety Guidelines for Procedures:

  • Follow aseptic techniques, monitor for signs of infection, educate on signs of complication/recovery.