Exam 3 Study Guide – SP 2025 NUR304 Fundamentals in Nursing Practice

Exam 3 Study Guide – NUR304 Fundamentals in Nursing Practice

Levels of Prevention
- Primary Prevention:
- Prevents disease before it occurs.
- Focus: Reducing risk factors and promoting health.
- Examples:
  - Health education
  - Immunizations
  - Physical fitness programs
  - Nutritional programs
- Secondary Prevention:
- Detects and treats existing diseases early to slow their progress.
- Focus: Slowing down disease progression.
- Examples:
  - Screenings (e.g., blood pressure, diabetes)
  - Early diagnosis
  - Prompt treatment
- Tertiary Prevention:
- Reduces the impact of long-term illness or disability.
- Focus: Reducing complications and improving quality of life.
- Examples:
  - Rehabilitation
  - Support groups
  - Interventions to prevent complications
Health Promotion, Education, and Illness Prevention Activities
- Health Promotion:
- Encourages individuals to maintain or improve health.
- Focus: Overall wellness.
- Example: Regular exercise, balanced diets.
- Health Education:
- Provides information and skills for healthy choices.
- Example: Teaching stress management, self-care.
- Illness Prevention:
- Protects from potential health threats.
- Example: Immunization programs, lifestyle counseling.

Learning vs Teaching
- Learning:
- Acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes.
- Teaching:
- Imparting knowledge through directed activities.
Learner's Needs
- Motivation to Learn: Internal state directing behavior.
- Influenced by the belief in the need to know.
- 5 Rights to Learning:
  - Right time
  - Right context
  - Right goal
  - Right content
  - Right method
Three Domains of Learning
- Cognitive Learning:
- Recognition, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating knowledge.
- Affective Learning:
- Changes in feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and values.
- Psychomotor Learning:
- Hands-on skills involving mental and physical activities.

Urinary Retention:
- Accumulation of urine; inability to empty bladder.
- Causes: Obstruction, inflammation, neurological issues, medications, anxiety.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
- Symptoms: Dysuria, cystitis, foul-smelling urine.
- Risk factors: CAUTI, age, gender, hygiene practices.
Urinary Incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine.
- Types: Urge, stress, overactive bladder.
Urinary Diversions:
- Ureterostomy: Reroutes urine flow using a stoma.
- Continent urinary reservoir: Store urine, requires external bag.
- Orthotopic neobladder: New bladder from intestine, normal urination.

Acute vs Chronic Pain
- Acute Pain: Short duration, identifiable cause.
- Chronic Pain: Long-lasting, can impact quality of life.
Pharmacological Interventions:
- Analgesics: Nonopioids, opioids, adjuvants.
Non-Pharmacological Approaches:
- Cognitive/behavioral strategies, relaxation techniques, distractions.

Nursing Process (ADPIE)
- Assessment of dietary history, lab tests, and any adverse symptoms.
Implementation:
- Promote healthy eating, meal planning, and feeding assistance.

Staging Pressure Injuries:
- Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema.
- Stage 2: Partial thickness loss.
- Stage 3: Full thickness loss without exposure of deeper structures.
- Stage 4: Extensive loss with exposed bone or muscle.
Braden Scale: Tool for predicting pressure injury risk.
Postoperative Phase:
- Focus on recovery, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring proper education about recovery processes.
Patient Safety Guidelines for Procedures:
- Follow aseptic techniques, monitor for signs of infection, educate on signs of complication/recovery.