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Exam 3 Study Guide Notes

Exam 3 Study Guide Notes

General Preparation

  • Be familiar with the concepts outlined in this study guide.
  • Review all assignments and corresponding textbook information.

Chapter 7: Vitamins

  • Excess Vitamin Consumption: What happens to vitamins consumed in excess of the body's needs?
    • Note: Many water-soluble vitamins are excreted when consumed in excess. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored and can lead to toxicity.
  • Vitamin Functions:
    • Vitamin A: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
    • Vitamin E: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
      • Food sources of Vitamin E.
    • Vitamin C: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
      • Food sources of Vitamin C.
    • Vitamin K: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
    • B-Complex Vitamins: Functions of each B vitamin (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, B6, B12), food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
    • Folate: Functions, food sources, and deficiency symptoms.
  • Phytochemicals:
    • Definition: What are phytochemicals? Biologically active compounds found in plants that may provide health benefits.
  • Non-Food Sources of Vitamins:
    • Which vitamins can be made by the body from non-food sources?
      • Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin with exposure to sunlight.
      • Vitamin K and biotin can be produced by bacteria in the gut.
      • Niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.

Chapters 8 & 9: Minerals & Water (Water from Chapter 9)

  • Calcium:
    • Sources of calcium: What are good food sources of calcium?
  • Hypertension:
    • Concerns with hypertension: What are the health risks associated with high blood pressure?
  • DASH Eating Plan:
    • Be familiar with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan.
    • Food groups emphasized and limited in the DASH diet.
    • Key nutrients targeted by the DASH diet to lower blood pressure (e.g., potassium, magnesium, calcium, fiber).
  • Osteoporosis:
    • Definition: What is osteoporosis? A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.
    • Risk factors for osteoporosis: Age, gender, genetics, diet, physical activity, hormonal factors.
    • Examples of activity to help prevent osteoporosis: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises.
  • Iron Absorption:
    • How can you boost iron absorption from food?
      • Consuming iron-rich foods with vitamin C.
      • Avoiding consumption of calcium-rich foods with iron-rich foods.
  • Anemia:
    • Causes of anemia: Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, chronic disease.
  • Fluid and Electrolytes:
    • Functions of fluid in the body: Transport of nutrients and waste, temperature regulation, lubrication.
    • Functions of electrolytes: Fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction.