Exam 3 Study Guide Notes

Exam 3 Study Guide Notes

General Preparation

• Be familiar with the concepts outlined in this study guide.
• Review all assignments and corresponding textbook information.

Chapter 7: Vitamins

• Excess Vitamin Consumption: What happens to vitamins consumed in excess of the body's needs?
  • Note: Many water-soluble vitamins are excreted when consumed in excess. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored and can lead to toxicity.
• Vitamin Functions:
  • Vitamin A: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
  • Vitamin E: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
    • Food sources of Vitamin E.
  • Vitamin C: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
    • Food sources of Vitamin C.
  • Vitamin K: Functions, food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
  • B-Complex Vitamins: Functions of each B vitamin (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, B6, B12), food sources, and deficiency/toxicity symptoms.
  • Folate: Functions, food sources, and deficiency symptoms.
• Phytochemicals:
  • Definition: What are phytochemicals? Biologically active compounds found in plants that may provide health benefits.
• Non-Food Sources of Vitamins:
  • Which vitamins can be made by the body from non-food sources?
    • Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin with exposure to sunlight.
    • Vitamin K and biotin can be produced by bacteria in the gut.
    • Niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.

Chapters 8 & 9: Minerals & Water (Water from Chapter 9)

• Calcium:
  • Sources of calcium: What are good food sources of calcium?
• Hypertension:
  • Concerns with hypertension: What are the health risks associated with high blood pressure?
• DASH Eating Plan:
  • Be familiar with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan.
  • Food groups emphasized and limited in the DASH diet.
  • Key nutrients targeted by the DASH diet to lower blood pressure (e.g., potassium, magnesium, calcium, fiber).
• Osteoporosis:
  • Definition: What is osteoporosis? A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.
  • Risk factors for osteoporosis: Age, gender, genetics, diet, physical activity, hormonal factors.
  • Examples of activity to help prevent osteoporosis: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises.
• Iron Absorption:
  • How can you boost iron absorption from food?
    • Consuming iron-rich foods with vitamin C.
    • Avoiding consumption of calcium-rich foods with iron-rich foods.
• Anemia:
  • Causes of anemia: Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, chronic disease.
• Fluid and Electrolytes:
  • Functions of fluid in the body: Transport of nutrients and waste, temperature regulation, lubrication.
  • Functions of electrolytes: Fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction.