Untitled Flashcards Set

"Carpetbaggers"
Northern Republicans who moved to the South after the Civil War, often to take advantage of the post-war economy and politics.

2. "Gilded Age"
A period in the late 19th century marked by industrial growth, political corruption, and extreme wealth disparity.

3. "Gospel of Wealth"
An idea promoted by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthy have a responsibility to use their wealth for the public good.

4. "Redemption"
The process by which Southern Democrats regained political control after the Civil War, effectively ending Reconstruction.

5. "Scalawags"
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party during the Reconstruction Era.

6. 13th Amendment
The constitutional amendment (1865) that abolished slavery in the United States.

7. 14th Amendment
The constitutional amendment (1868) that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

8. 15th Amendment
The constitutional amendment (1870) that prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

9. Abraham Lincoln
The 16th president of the United States who led the country through the Civil War and issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

10. Andrew Carnegie
A steel magnate and philanthropist, known for leading the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

11. Black Codes
Laws passed in the Southern states during Reconstruction that limited the rights of African Americans and enforced racial segregation.

12. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
A federal law that prohibited Chinese labor immigration to the U.S. and restricted the rights of Chinese immigrants already in the country.

13. Compromise of 1877/Bargain of 1877
An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election by awarding Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for ending Reconstruction and withdrawing federal troops from the South.

14. Department Stores
Large retail establishments that offered a wide variety of goods under one roof, becoming popular during the late 19th century.

15. Election of 1896
A presidential election in which William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan, marking the rise of modern American politics and the decline of agrarian movements.

16. Eugene Debs
A prominent labor leader and socialist who ran for president five times as a candidate of the Socialist Party of America.

17. Farmer's Alliance
A political and economic movement of farmers in the late 19th century that advocated for issues like better credit, land reform, and more favorable railroad regulations.

18. Fredrick Jackson Turner
A historian best known for his "Frontier Thesis," which argued that the American frontier was key to the development of the U.S. character.

19. Freedmen/Freedpeople Party
A political party formed by formerly enslaved African Americans and their allies during Reconstruction, aiming to secure civil rights and voting protections.

20. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
A nationwide strike by railroad workers protesting wage cuts and poor working conditions, which resulted in violent clashes and national attention to labor issues.

21. Haymarket Riot
A labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent after a bomb was thrown at the police, leading to several deaths and the trial of anarchists.

22. Homestead Strike
An 1892 strike by steelworkers at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead Steel Works that turned violent when the company hired private security to break the strike.

23. J.P. Morgan
A powerful American banker and financier who helped finance the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks.

24. John D. Rockefeller
A business magnate who founded Standard Oil, becoming one of the wealthiest individuals in American history.

25. Ku Klux Klan
A white supremacist group formed in the South after the Civil War, known for terrorizing African Americans and their allies.

26. Laissez-Faire
An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in business affairs and promoting free-market capitalism.

27. Lincoln's 10% Plan
A Reconstruction proposal by President Abraham Lincoln that offered amnesty to Southern states if 10% of their voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

28. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
A landmark Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal."

29. Pullman Strike
A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 against the Pullman Company, which led to a federal intervention and raised awareness about labor issues.

30. Radical Republicans
A faction of the Republican Party during and after the Civil War that advocated for the complete abolition of slavery, civil rights for African Americans, and harsh Reconstruction policies.

31. Scientific Management
A management theory developed by Frederick Taylor to improve productivity through time-and-motion studies and the efficient organization of work.

32. Sharecropping
A system of agriculture in which landless farmers worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops produced.

33. Social Darwinism
An ideology that applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to society, claiming that the strongest individuals or nations would naturally rise to the top.

34. Special Field Orders No. 15
An order issued by General William Tecumseh Sherman in 1865, providing land to formerly enslaved people in the South.

35. The Dawes Act
A law passed in 1887 that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by distributing tribal lands to individuals in exchange for the promise of citizenship.

36. The Ghost Dance
A religious movement among Native Americans in the late 19th century that predicted the return of ancestral lands and the removal of white settlers.

37. The Homestead Act
A law passed in 1862 that granted 160 acres of land to settlers who agreed to farm it for five years.

38. The Knights of Labor
A labor union founded in the 1860s that advocated for better working conditions, an eight-hour workday, and the end of child labor.

39. The People's Party/The Populists
A political party formed in the 1890s that represented farmers and laborers, advocating for free silver, government ownership of railroads, and a graduated income tax.

40. William Jennings Bryan
A three-time presidential candidate and leader of the Populist movement, best known for his support of free silver and his role in the Scopes Trial.