Honors LA9 Exam Review

Short Stories Literary Terms

• Imagery: Descriptive language that appeals to the senses, creating mental images for the reader.

• Simile: A figure of speech comparing two different things using "like" or "as" (e.g., "as brave as a lion").

• Metaphor: A direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as" (e.g., "Time is a thief").

• Personification: Attributing human characteristics to non-human entities or objects (e.g., "The wind whispered through the trees").

• Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art to create context or deeper meaning.

• Mood: The emotional atmosphere of a literary work, evoking feelings from the reader.

• Tone: The author's attitude toward the subject matter or audience, conveyed through word choice and style.

• Characterization: The method an author uses to develop characters, including direct and indirect characterization.

• Symbol: An object, character, figure, or color used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.

• Foreshadowing: A literary device used to give hints about what will happen later in the story.

• Theme: The central idea or underlying message in a literary work.

• Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces; can be internal or external.

• Setting: The time and place in which a story unfolds.

• Irony: A contrast between expectation and reality; can be verbal, situational, or dramatic.

Animal Farm

• Plot/Characters: Overview of the narrative which includes the rise of the animals against human oppression and key characters such as Napoleon and Snowball.

• Literary Devices: Use of allegory and satire to criticize political systems.

• Russian Revolution: The historical context upon which the story is based, paralleling the events of the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalinism.

The Odyssey

• Plot/Characters: Summary of Odysseus's journey home after the Trojan War, including key figures like Penelope and Telemachus.

• Literary Devices: Exploration of motifs like hospitality and the use of epithets.

• Elements of an Epic: Characteristics such as a hero's journey, valor, and involvement of gods and fate.

Grammar

• Parts of Speech: Classification of words into categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.

• Jobs: Understanding the grammatical function of words in sentences, including:

  • Subject: The main noun or pronoun that the sentence is about.

  • Direct Object: The noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.

  • Object of the Preposition: The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition.

• Verbal Phrases: Types of phrases that are derived from verbs:

  • Participial: Verb forms used as adjectives.

  • Gerund: Verb forms ending in -ing used as nouns.

  • Infinitive: The base form of a verb preceded by "to.

Analyzing Literature

• Odyssey Passage: Analysis of specific excerpts with interpretative questions.

• Short Story: Focus on understanding themes, characters, and plot while answering related questions.

• Non-fiction Text: Analysis of a non-fiction piece with comprehension questions to test understanding.

The Odyssey: Character Overview — Odysseus

• Heroic Traits: Odysseus is known for his intelligence, cunning, and resourcefulness. These traits help him navigate the challenges he faces on his journey home.

• Leadership: As a leader of his men, he often demonstrates bravery, making tough decisions to ensure their survival.

• Loyalty and Love: His love for his wife, Penelope, drives his quest home, showcasing his loyalty.

• Growth: Throughout the journey, Odysseus shows character development, learning humility and the importance of restraint.

• Conflict: He faces both external conflicts with mythical creatures and gods, as well as internal conflicts regarding his identity and values.

Basic Math Problem Using Law of Sines, Cosines, and Area

Problem Statement: Given triangle ABC, where angle A = 40°, angle B = 60°, and side a = 10 units (the side opposite angle A), find:

1. the length of side b (opposite angle B)

2. the length of side c (opposite angle C)

3. the area of the triangle.

Solution Steps:

1. Finding Side b Using the Law of Sines:[ \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} ]Substitute values:[ \frac{10}{\sin 40°} = \frac{b}{\sin 60°} ]Solve for b.

2. Finding Side c Using the Law of Sines:Use the same law:[ \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{c}{\sin C} ]First, find angle C:[ C = 180° - A - B = 180° - 40° - 60° = 80° ]Substitute values to find c:[ \frac{10}{\sin 40°} = \frac{c}{\sin 80°} ]Solve for c.

3. Finding the Area of Triangle ABC:Use the formula:[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times a \times b \times \sin C ]Substitute the known values to find the area.

This concise problem challenges students to apply the Law of Sines, compute side lengths, and calculate the triangle's area.