latin finalexam vocab
ago (3) egi, actum generic verb - "I do"
cogo (con+ago) - "I compell"
aperiō (4) aperuī, apertum- uncover, reveal", "open up"
ardeo (2) arsi, arsum "I blaze", "I buirn", "I am on fire"
audeo (2) ausus sum "I dare to [inf.]"
cado (3) cecidi, casum "I fall", of events "happen"
accidit (ad+cado) impersonal. "it comes about"
capio (3) cepi, captum "I take", "I get"
accipio (ad+capio) "I receive"
intercipio (inter+capio) intercepi, interceptum "I cut off", "I intercept" that is "I keep [someone
or something] from reaching its goal"
suscipio (sub+capio) "I undertake"
cano (3) cecini, cantum "I sing"
cedo (3) cessi, cessum "I go"
praecedo "I excell", "I surpass"
coepi, coepisse, coeptus (in perf. only) "I begin [inf]"
cŏlo (3) colŭi, cultum "I cultivate"
incolo (in+colo) "I inhabit"
condo (3) condidi conditum "I establish"
conor (1) "I attempt", "I try to [inf.]"
conspicio (3) conspexi, conspectum "I catch sight of"
credo (3) credidi, creditum "I believe", "I trust" (oft. c. dat.)
dīvidō (3) vīsī, vīsus, "I divide"
doceo (2) docui, doctum "I point out", "I explain"
duco (3) duxi, ductum "I lead", "I think"
emō (3) ēmī, ēmptum "I buy"
existimo (1) "I think"
eo ire, ivi/ii, itum "I go" (irr.)
adeo "I approach"
intĕrĕo (inter+eo) "I perish"
facio facere, feci, factum "I make", "I do"
afficio (ad+facio) "I affect"
conficio (con+facio) "I complete [a task]"
deficio (de+facio) "I desert", "I abandon", "I fail
interficio (inter+facio) interfeci, interfectum "I kill"
fero, ferre, tuli, latum (irr.) "I carry"
defero (de+fero) "I report"
differō, distulī, dīlātus, ferre "I separate", "I am different"
inferro "I carry in"
for, fari (1) fatus "I speak"
effor (e+for)
foveo (2) fovi, fotus "I cherish", "I hope"
frĕmo (3) fremŭi, fremĭtum "I roar", "I growl", "I rage", "I am angry"
fugiō (3) fūgī, fugitus "I run away" do not confuse with fugo
fugo (1) "I chase away", "I cause to flee" do not confuse with fugio
gaudeo (2) gavisus sum "I am happy"
gero (3) gessi, gestum "I do"
gradior (3) gressus sum "I advance"
ingredior (in+gradior) "I go in"
habeo (2) habui, habitum "I hold", "I have control over", in pass. "I am considered"
prohibeo [pro+habeo] "I keep [acc] away from [abl]", "I keep [acc] from [inf]"
hortor (1) hortatus sum "I encourage"
cohortor [con+hortor] "I encourage"
iaceo (2) iacui, iacitum "I lie [on a surface]"
iăcio (3) iēci, iactum "I throw"
disicio (dis+iacio) disicere, diseci, disiectum "I throw apart", "I scatter"
incumbo (3) incubui mincubitum "lie upon", "press upon" usu. c. in, ad, super
incubo (1) incubui, incubitum "lie upon", "rest upon" c. dat. or abl.
iubeo (2) iussi, iussum "I order [an acc. to inf.]"
iungo (3) iunxi, iunctum "I join"
labor, labi (3) lapsus "I slip", "I slide"
licet (2) (impersonal) "it is permitted"
linquō (3) līquī, lictum (usu. in compounds) "I leave behind" λείπω
relinquō (re+linquo) "I leave behind"
loquor (3) locustus sum "I speak"
maneo (2) manui, mansum "I stay"
mergō (3) mersī, mersum "I sink something into the water", "I submerge it"
summergo (sub+mergo)
meo (1) "I go", "I wander"
commeo (con+meo) "I go back and forth"
mitto (3) misi, missum "I send"
demitto (de+mitto) "I send out" (usu. of messengers or messaged)
moveo (2) movi, motum
permoveo (per+moveo) "I frighten", "I disturb"
mulceo (2) mulsi, mulsum "I soothe"
munio (4) munivi, munitum "fortify"
nanciscor (3, nancisci), nactus sum "I obtain"
neglego (3) neglexi, neglectum "I ignore"
orior (4, oriri) ortus sum "I rise up"
parco (3, parcere) peperci, parsurus "I spare a [dat]"
patior (3) passus sum "I experience"
pello (3) pepuli, pulsum "I push"
appello (ad+pello) "I call [by name]"
impello (in+pello) impuli, impulsum "I compel [an acc][to inf]"
persuadeo (2) persuasi, persuasum "I persuade [a dat., ut + subj.]"
peto (3) petivi, petitum "I seek", "I ask", "I attack"
suppeto (sub+peto) stative verb "I am available"
pono (3) posui, positum "I place"
impono (in+pono) "I place on top"
poscō (3) poposcī "I demand [something from someone", "I ask"
rĕposco (re+posco) "I demand back"
potior (4) potitus sum "I have power over [an abl]"
prehendō and prēndō (3) prendī, prenēnsum "I take hold of", "I grab"
premo (3) pressi, pressum "I press"
probo (1) "I approve"
proficiscor (3) profectus sum "I set forth"
rapio (3) rapui, raptum "I grab"
corripio (con+rapio) corripere, corripui, correptum "I snatch up"
eripio (e+rapio) "I snatch away"
rego (3) rexi, rectum "I guide", "I rule"
arrigo (ad+rego) "I raise up", "I excite"
salio (4) salivi/salui, saltum "I leap"
desilio (de+salio) "I jump down"
săpĭo (4) sapīvi or sapĭi "I am wise", "I understand"
scando (3) "I climb" (not used in the perfect)
dēscendō (3) , scendī, scēnsum "I climb down", "I do something desparate"
scio (4) scivi, scitum "I know"
sentiō (4) sēnsī, sēnsum "I perceive"
consentio (con+sentio) "I agree"
sequor (3) secūtus sum "I follow"
serpo, -psi, -ptum, 3 "I slither", creep, crawl
sino (3) sivit, situs "I allow", "I permit"
spĕcĭo (3) but usu. in compounds as -spĭcĭo, -spexi, -spectum
conspicio (con+specio) "I look around"
spero (1) "I strongly expect", "I truly believe"
sto (1) steti, statum "I stand"
praesto (prae+sto) "I am eminent", "I am outstanding"
sŭesco (3) sŭēvi, sŭētum "I become accustomed"
consuesco (con+suesco) "I become accustomed"
desuesco (de+suesco) "to be unaccustomed"
surgō (3) surrēxī, surrēctum "I rise up", "I get up", "I recover", "I awake"
tendo (3) tetendi, tentum "I stretch out", "I intend"
teneo (2) tenui, tentum "I hold"
obtineo (ob+teneo) "I obtain", "I control [land or territory]"
pertineo (per+teneo) "I extend", "I am relevant to"
sustineo (sub+teneo) sustinui, sustentum "I withstand", "I endure"
tollo (3) sustuli, sublatum "I lift up", "I destroy"
tueor, tueri (2) tutus sum "I protect", "I watch over closely"
ūrō (3) ussī, ūstum "I burn up" (usu. in the sense of destroy something in a fire)
exuro (ex+uro)
utor (3) usus sum "I use [an ablative]"
vagor (1) "I wander"
vĕnio (4) vēni, ventum "I reach [a place]", "I arrive at [a place]"
verto (3) verti, versum "I turn"
everto (e+verto) "I overturn", "I destroy"
volvo (3) volui, volutus "I roll", "I go through", "I experience", "I explain"
ā ab abs from, by
abscondo (3) "I hide"
accipiō accipere accēpī acceptus to receive
ad prep. c. acc. "near", "toward"
adhūc thus far, to this point, still
admoneo (2) admonui, admonitum "I warn" to admonish, remind
adsum (ad+sum) "I am present"
adytum –ī n. "inner sanctum"
aeger aegra aegrum sick
aequaevus –a –um of equal age
aequor aequoris n. sea
aes, aeris (n.) "copper", "bronze"
aeternus –a –um everlasting, eternal
āiō to say, affirm, say yes
aliēnus –a –um strange, unrelated, another's
altum, -i (n.) "the sea"
ante before, in front of (adv. and prep. +acc.)
antrum, -i (n.) "a cave"
antīquus –a –um ancient, old
ara, -ae (f.) "an altar"
arma, -orum (n.) "weapons"
artus artūs m. limb, leg
arvum., -i (n.) "the land", "a field"
arx arcis f. summit, citadel
aspectus aspectūs m. sight
aspiciō aspicere aspēxī aspectus to look at
astrum astrī n. star
āter atra atrum black
atque or ac and, also
aula, -ae (f.) "a great hall"
aura aurae f. breeze
auris auris f. ear
auspicium auspicī(ī) n. divination; authority
autem (conj.) "but"
barba –ae f. beard
bellum, -i (n.) "a war"
bigae, -arum (pl.) "a chariot"
caecus, -a, -um (adj.) "blind", "hidden"
capessō (3) capessiī/capessīvī capessitus "I sieze", "I take up eargerly"
capiō capere cēpī captus "take", "get"
caput capitis n. head
Carthāgō Carthāginis f. Carthage
cārus –a –um precious
cāsus cāsūs m. fall, chance
causa causae f. cause, reason, lawsuit
celer celeris celere swift
cernō cernere crēvī certus to discern, separate
cervīx cervīcis f. neck
circumstō circumstāre circumstetī to stand around
clāmor clāmōris m. outcry, shout
classis classis f. division, fleet
clipeus –ī m. or clipeum –ī n. round shield
collum collī n. neck
colō colere coluī cultus to inhabit, cultivate
comes comitis m. or f. companion
commendō commendāre commendāvī commendātus to entrust, recommend, approve
compellō compellāre compellāvī compellātus to address
compōnō compōnere composuī compōsitus to build, arrange, bury, calm down
concrēscō –ere –crēvī –crētus to grow together; grow thick; stiffen
coniūnx coniugis f. spouse
cōnsīdō cōnsīdere cōnsēdī cōnsessus to sit down, settle
cōnūbium –iī n. marriage
cōpia cōpiae f. abundance; troops
cor cordis n. heart
corpus corporis n. body
crīnis crīnis m. hair
crūdēlis crūdēle unfeeling, cruel
cruentus –a –um bloody, blood–stained
culmen –inis n. top
cūnctus –a –um all
cūra cūrae f. care, concern
cuspis –idis f. sharp point, spear
dea deae f. goddess
dēcēdō dēcēdere dēcessī dēcessus to move away, withdraw
dēfendō dēfendere dēfendī dēfensus to defend, ward off
dēferō dēferre dētulī dēlātus to carry away; report, confer
dēfessus –a –um weary, exhausted
dēlūbrum –ī n. "a temple"
dēnique finally
dēserō dēserere dēseruī dēsertus to leave, abandon
dēsinō dēsinere dēsiī dēsitusto leave off, cease
dēstruō –ere –strūxī –strūctus to destroy
dētineō –ēre –uī –tentus to hold from or back; hold
deus deī m. god
dextera dextera f. right hand
diēs diēī m. or f. day
dīripiō –ere –ripuī –reptus to tear apart or off; snatch
dissimulō dissimulāre dissimulāvī dissimulātus to conceal, dissemble
divus, -a, -um "divine" (usu. subst. "god(dess)")
dō dare dedī datus to give
domus domus f. house, home
dōnum dōnī n. gift
dracō –ōnis m. dragon or fabulous kind of serpent
dūcō dūcere dūxī ductus to lead; consider
dum while, until, provided that
efferō efferre extulī ēlātus to carry out or away
effundō effundere effūdī effūsus to pour out
ēnumerō ēnumerāre ēnumerāvī ēnumerātus to count out or completely; enumerate
equidem indeed
ēripiō ēripere ēripuī ēreptus to tear away, snatch away
etiam also
exhālō exhālāre exhālāvī exhālātus to breathe out
exprōmō –ere –prōmsī –prōmptum to bring forth, explain
exspectō exspectāre exspectāvī exspectātus to wait for, expect
exstinguō exstinguere exstinxī exstinctus to extinguish
exter extera exterum outward, foreign
exuō exuere exuī exūtus to take off, strip
exuviae –ārum f. that which has been taken off; a garment
fāma fāmae f. rumor, fame
fātālis fātālis fātāle fated, fatal
fātum, -i (n.) "destiny"
ferō ferre tulī lātus to bear, carry, report
fēstus –a –um sacred, festive
fētus –a –um pregnant
fīdus –a –um faithful, trustworthy
fingō fingere fīnxī fīctus to shape, invent
flamma flammae f. flame
fleō flēre flēvī flētus to cry
flētus fletūs m. weeping
fluctus, -us (m.) "a wave"
foedō foedāre foedāvī foedātus to defile
foedus foederis n. contract, treaty
for fārī fātus sum to speak, say
frāter frātris m. brother
fraudō fraudāre fraudāvī fraudātus to defraud, cheat, act illegally
frōns frondis f. leaf
fuga fugae f. flight, escape
fugiō fugere fūgī fugitus to flee, escape
fūnis fūnis m. rope, line
fūnus fūneris n. funeral; death; dead body
furor furōris m. madness
fūrtum fūrtī n. theft
futūrus –a –um about to be; future
geminus –a –um twin
gemitus –ūs m. groaning; groan
genitor genitōris m. father
gens, gentis (f.) "family", "cultural group"
genus, -eris (n.) "type", "kind"
gerō gerere gessī gestus to bear, manage
grātus –a –um pleasant; grateful
graviter heavily
habeō habēre habuī habitus to have, hold
hasta hastae f. spear
hauriō haurīre hausī hastus to drain, drink, swallow
hībernus –a –um (belonging to) winter
homō hominis m. human being, man
horrendus –a –um to be shuddered at; dreadful
horror –ōris m. roughening or bristling; (fig.)
hospes hospitis m. guest; stranger; host
hostis hostis m. (public) enemy
hymenaeus –ī m. marriage
iaculor –ātus sum to hurl the javelin; to dart; throw
igneus –a –um fiery
ignis ignis m. fire
īgnōtus –a –um unknown
imāgō imāginis f. image, echo
immemor –oris unmindful, forgetful
immōtus –a –um unmoved, unchanged, unrelenting
incendō incendere incendī incensus to set fire to, burn
incertus –a –um uncertain
incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin
incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin
inclutus (inclitus) –a –um famous, glorious
indīgnus –a –um unworthy (of)
induō induere induī indūtus to put on, clothe
īnfēlīx īnfēlīcis unfortunate, unhappy
īnfēnsus –a –um hostile, angry
īnferus –a –um low
ingens, ingentis (adj.) "huge"
iniūria iniūriae f. injustice, wrong
innūptus –a –um not veiled
interpres –etis m./f. an agent between parties; a mediator
intorqueō –ēre –torsī –tortus to turn or hurl toward
intrō intrāre intrāvī intrātus to enter
invidia invidiae f. envy, jealousy
ira, -ae (f.) "anger"
iubeō iubēre iussī iussus to order
iūssus iūssūs m. order, command
lābor labī lapsus sum to glide, slip (down)
labor labōris m. work
lacrima lacrimae f. tear
lāpsus –ūs m. slipping; gliding
largus –a –um ample
latus, lateris (n.) "a side"
līmen līminis n. threshold
lītus, -oris (n.) "a shore"
loquor loquī locūtus sum to speak
lōrum lōrī n. or lorus –ī m. thong, strap
lūdō lūdere lūsī lūsus to play; play with
lūmen luminis n. light
lūstrō lūstrāre lūstrāvī lūstrātus look over; survey
lūx lūcis f. daylight
māchina māchinae f. machine
maestus –a –um sad, depressing
māgnus –a –um great
mandātum –ī n. order, commission
manifēstus –a –um clear, manifest
manus manūs f. hand; band of men
mare, maris (n.) "the ocean"
medius –a –um middle, in the middle, in half
meminī meminisse to remember, recollect
memor memoris remembering
memor, -oris (adj.) "mindful"
mereō merēre meruī meritum to earn, deserve
minor minārī minātus sum to threaten
miser misera miserum wretched, pitiable
misereor –ērī miseritus sum to pity
mittō mittere mīsī missus "I send'
moenia moenium n. pl. walls
moenia moenium n. pl. walls
moles, molis (f.) "a big mass", "a heap"
mōlior mōlīrī mōlītus to work at, devise
monitum –ī n. an admonition; counsel; advice
mōnstrum mōnstrī n. omen; monster
mōra mōrae f. delay
moribundus –a –um ready to die
morior morī mortuus sum to die
moror morārī morātus sum to delay
mortālis –e mortal
mūgītus –ūs m. lowing; bellowing
multum (adv.) "much", "a lot"
mūrus mūrī m. wall
mūrus mūrī m. wall
mūtō mūtāre mūtāvī mūtātus to change
nāscor nāscī nātus sum to be born, come into being
negō negāre negāvī negātus to deny, refuse
nemus, nemoris (n.) "a grove"
nihil or nīl or nihilo n. nothing
nōdus –ī m. knot
nōmen nōminis n. name
novus –a –um new
nox noctis f. night
numen, numinis (n.) "a god", "the will of a god"
numquam never
ob prep. c. acc. "on account of"
obnītor –nīxus (–nīsus) sum to press (+ dat.)
obstipescō (obstupescō) –ere –stipuī (stupuī) to become stupefied; to be astonished
oculus oculī m. eye
ōdī ōdisse to hate
omnīnō entirely
omnis omne every; all
operiō operīre operuī opertum to cover, hide
opus operis n. work; need
ōra, -ae (f.) "a shore" don't confuse with os
orbis, orbis (m.) "a circle"
os, oris (n.) "mouth", "face" don't confuse with ora
parvulus –a –um very small
patior patī passus sum to permit, endure
patria patriae f. country
patrius –a –um paternal
paulum (adv.) "a little"
pavor pavōris m. fear, trembling
pectus, pectoris (n.) "the chest"
pelagus, -i (n.) "the sea"
Penātēs –ium m. local gods, city gods
penetrālis –e innermost
per (prep. c. acc.) through
pererrō pererrāre pererrāvī pererrātus to wander through or over
perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false
pēs pedis m. foot
piget pigēre piguit pigitum est "it displeases [an acc. to inf.]"
pone (adv.) "aftrer", "behind"
pontus pontī m. the open sea
porta portae f. gate
potēns powerful
praetendō –ere –tendī –tentus to hold out before; stretch forth
premō premere pressī pressus to press
prex precis f. prayer
prīmus –a –um first
prior priōris former, previous, prior, first; (+ abl. of comparison) superior to
profugus, -i (m.) "a refugee"
prōmereor –meritus sum to merit for one's self by favors given; deserve
properō properāre properāvī properātus to hasten
pudor pudōris m. decency
puella puellae f. girl
puer puerī m. boy, slave
pulvis pulveris m. dust
puppis puppis f. stern of a ship
quaerō quaerere quaesiī/quaesīvī quaesītus "I ask", "I look for"
quālis quāle (adj.) what sort
quandō when
quantum how much
querēla querēlae f. complaint
quiēs quiētis f. sleep, rest
quondam formerly, at times, sometimes
quoniam since
quotiēns or quotiēs how many times; whenever "however so often", "whenever"
raptō raptāre raptāvī raptātus to seize violently; drag
recidīvus –a –um (adj.) "restored", "rebuilt"
redeō redīre rediī reditum to go back
referō referre rettulī relātus to bring back
rēgīna rēgīnae f. queen
rēgnum rēgnī n. royal power, kingdom
regō regere rēxī rēctus to rule
relinquō relinquere relīquī relictus to abandon
reliquiae –ārum f. pl. remains
respiciō respicere respexī respectum to look back
restō restāre restitī to resist
rēx rēgis m. king
rōbur rōboris n. oak, strength
rota rotae f. wheel
ruō ruere ruī rūtum to rush
sacer sacra sacrum holy
sacrātus –a –um holy
sacrum sacrī n. a holy thing, (religious) rite
saevus, -a, -um (adj.) "cruel"
sagitta, -ae (f.) "an arrow"
sal, salis (m.) "salt"
saltem or saltim at least, at any rate
saltus saltūs m. jump
salum, -i (n.) "the sea"
sanguis sanguinis m. or sanguen –inis n. blood
saniēs –em –ē f. putrid
satis or sat (comp. satius) enough
saucius –a –um wounded; afflicted; drunk
saxum, -i (n.) "a rock"
scelerātus –a –um criminal
scelus sceleris n. crime
secūris secūris f. axe
sēdēs sēdis f. seat
sequor sequī secūtus sum to follow, come next
serēnus –a –um serene, calm
serpō –ere serpsī serptus to creep
sīdus sīderis n. star
silva, -ae (f.) "woods"
simul at the same time
simulācrum simulācrī n. likeness; statue
somnus somnī m. sleep
sonitus, -us (m.) "a sound"
sors, sortis (f.) "a lot", most frequently sorte "by lot", "by chance"
spērō spērāre spērāvī spērātus to hope
spēs speī f. hope
spīritus spīritūs m. breath; spirit
sponte "voluntarily" sua sponte "of his own free will", mea sponte: "of my own will", etc. voluntarily
sponte (adv.) "willingly"
squāleō –ēre –uī to be rough
statuō statuere statuī statūtus to set up
stūppeus –a –um made of tow or flax
subeō subīre subīvī/subiī subitus to go under
subolēs –is f. shoot; twig
sum esse fuī futūrus to be
superi, -orum (m.) "the gods"
surgō surgere surrēxī surrēctus to rise
suscipiō suscipere suscēpī susceptus to take up
tacitus –a –um silent
taeda taedae f. torch
talis, -e (adj.) "of such a kind"
tamen nevertheless, however
tandem finally
tantus –a –um so much, so great
taurus taurī m. bull
tēctum –ī n. "a building"
tellus, telluris (f.) "the earth"
telum, -a (n.) "a [thrown] weapon"
tempus temporis n. time
teneō tenēre tenuī tentus to hold
tergum, -i (n.) "a back"
terra, -ae (f.) "earth"
terreō terrēre terruī territus to terrify
testor –ārī –ātus sum to testify
trāiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum pierce, cross over
tum or tunc then, at that time
tumeō tumēre tumuī to swell, puff up
turbidus –a –um confused, fould
ulterior –ius; ultimus –a –um farther; farthest
ultrō furthermore, beyond; voluntarily
umbra umbrae f. shadow
ūmeō –ēre to be wet, moist
umquam ever
unda, undae (f.) "a wave" = fluctus
undōsus –a –um billowy, stormy
urbs urbis f. city
uterque utraque utrumque "each of two"
uterus –ī m. the womb
valeō valēre valuī valitus to be strong, be worth
vānus –a –um empty
varius –a –um varied
venēnum venēnī n. poison
veniō venīre vēnī ventum to come
ventus -i (m.) "a wind"
Vesta –ae f. Vesta
vincō vincere vīcī victus to conquer
vinculum vinculī n. bond
vir, viri (m.) "a man"
vis, vis (f.) irregular. "power"
vīta vītae f. life
vitta vittae f. ribbon
volumen, voluminis (n.) "a roll"
vōx vōcis f. voice
vulnus vulneris n. wound
vultus vultūs m. expression
ago (3) egi, actum generic verb - "I do"
cogo (con+ago) - "I compell"
aperiō (4) aperuī, apertum- uncover, reveal", "open up"
ardeo (2) arsi, arsum "I blaze", "I buirn", "I am on fire"
audeo (2) ausus sum "I dare to [inf.]"
cado (3) cecidi, casum "I fall", of events "happen"
accidit (ad+cado) impersonal. "it comes about"
capio (3) cepi, captum "I take", "I get"
accipio (ad+capio) "I receive"
intercipio (inter+capio) intercepi, interceptum "I cut off", "I intercept" that is "I keep [someone
or something] from reaching its goal"
suscipio (sub+capio) "I undertake"
cano (3) cecini, cantum "I sing"
cedo (3) cessi, cessum "I go"
praecedo "I excell", "I surpass"
coepi, coepisse, coeptus (in perf. only) "I begin [inf]"
cŏlo (3) colŭi, cultum "I cultivate"
incolo (in+colo) "I inhabit"
condo (3) condidi conditum "I establish"
conor (1) "I attempt", "I try to [inf.]"
conspicio (3) conspexi, conspectum "I catch sight of"
credo (3) credidi, creditum "I believe", "I trust" (oft. c. dat.)
dīvidō (3) vīsī, vīsus, "I divide"
doceo (2) docui, doctum "I point out", "I explain"
duco (3) duxi, ductum "I lead", "I think"
emō (3) ēmī, ēmptum "I buy"
existimo (1) "I think"
eo ire, ivi/ii, itum "I go" (irr.)
adeo "I approach"
intĕrĕo (inter+eo) "I perish"
facio facere, feci, factum "I make", "I do"
afficio (ad+facio) "I affect"
conficio (con+facio) "I complete [a task]"
deficio (de+facio) "I desert", "I abandon", "I fail
interficio (inter+facio) interfeci, interfectum "I kill"
fero, ferre, tuli, latum (irr.) "I carry"
defero (de+fero) "I report"
differō, distulī, dīlātus, ferre "I separate", "I am different"
inferro "I carry in"
for, fari (1) fatus "I speak"
effor (e+for)
foveo (2) fovi, fotus "I cherish", "I hope"
frĕmo (3) fremŭi, fremĭtum "I roar", "I growl", "I rage", "I am angry"
fugiō (3) fūgī, fugitus "I run away" do not confuse with fugo
fugo (1) "I chase away", "I cause to flee" do not confuse with fugio
gaudeo (2) gavisus sum "I am happy"
gero (3) gessi, gestum "I do"
gradior (3) gressus sum "I advance"
ingredior (in+gradior) "I go in"
habeo (2) habui, habitum "I hold", "I have control over", in pass. "I am considered"
prohibeo [pro+habeo] "I keep [acc] away from [abl]", "I keep [acc] from [inf]"
hortor (1) hortatus sum "I encourage"
cohortor [con+hortor] "I encourage"
iaceo (2) iacui, iacitum "I lie [on a surface]"
iăcio (3) iēci, iactum "I throw"
disicio (dis+iacio) disicere, diseci, disiectum "I throw apart", "I scatter"
incumbo (3) incubui mincubitum "lie upon", "press upon" usu. c. in, ad, super
incubo (1) incubui, incubitum "lie upon", "rest upon" c. dat. or abl.
iubeo (2) iussi, iussum "I order [an acc. to inf.]"
iungo (3) iunxi, iunctum "I join"
labor, labi (3) lapsus "I slip", "I slide"
licet (2) (impersonal) "it is permitted"
linquō (3) līquī, lictum (usu. in compounds) "I leave behind" λείπω
relinquō (re+linquo) "I leave behind"
loquor (3) locustus sum "I speak"
maneo (2) manui, mansum "I stay"
mergō (3) mersī, mersum "I sink something into the water", "I submerge it"
summergo (sub+mergo)
meo (1) "I go", "I wander"
commeo (con+meo) "I go back and forth"
mitto (3) misi, missum "I send"
demitto (de+mitto) "I send out" (usu. of messengers or messaged)
moveo (2) movi, motum
permoveo (per+moveo) "I frighten", "I disturb"
mulceo (2) mulsi, mulsum "I soothe"
munio (4) munivi, munitum "fortify"
nanciscor (3, nancisci), nactus sum "I obtain"
neglego (3) neglexi, neglectum "I ignore"
orior (4, oriri) ortus sum "I rise up"
parco (3, parcere) peperci, parsurus "I spare a [dat]"
patior (3) passus sum "I experience"
pello (3) pepuli, pulsum "I push"
appello (ad+pello) "I call [by name]"
impello (in+pello) impuli, impulsum "I compel [an acc][to inf]"
persuadeo (2) persuasi, persuasum "I persuade [a dat., ut + subj.]"
peto (3) petivi, petitum "I seek", "I ask", "I attack"
suppeto (sub+peto) stative verb "I am available"
pono (3) posui, positum "I place"
impono (in+pono) "I place on top"
poscō (3) poposcī "I demand [something from someone", "I ask"
rĕposco (re+posco) "I demand back"
potior (4) potitus sum "I have power over [an abl]"
prehendō and prēndō (3) prendī, prenēnsum "I take hold of", "I grab"
premo (3) pressi, pressum "I press"
probo (1) "I approve"
proficiscor (3) profectus sum "I set forth"
rapio (3) rapui, raptum "I grab"
corripio (con+rapio) corripere, corripui, correptum "I snatch up"
eripio (e+rapio) "I snatch away"
rego (3) rexi, rectum "I guide", "I rule"
arrigo (ad+rego) "I raise up", "I excite"
salio (4) salivi/salui, saltum "I leap"
desilio (de+salio) "I jump down"
săpĭo (4) sapīvi or sapĭi "I am wise", "I understand"
scando (3) "I climb" (not used in the perfect)
dēscendō (3) , scendī, scēnsum "I climb down", "I do something desparate"
scio (4) scivi, scitum "I know"
sentiō (4) sēnsī, sēnsum "I perceive"
consentio (con+sentio) "I agree"
sequor (3) secūtus sum "I follow"
serpo, -psi, -ptum, 3 "I slither", creep, crawl
sino (3) sivit, situs "I allow", "I permit"
spĕcĭo (3) but usu. in compounds as -spĭcĭo, -spexi, -spectum
conspicio (con+specio) "I look around"
spero (1) "I strongly expect", "I truly believe"
sto (1) steti, statum "I stand"
praesto (prae+sto) "I am eminent", "I am outstanding"
sŭesco (3) sŭēvi, sŭētum "I become accustomed"
consuesco (con+suesco) "I become accustomed"
desuesco (de+suesco) "to be unaccustomed"
surgō (3) surrēxī, surrēctum "I rise up", "I get up", "I recover", "I awake"
tendo (3) tetendi, tentum "I stretch out", "I intend"
teneo (2) tenui, tentum "I hold"
obtineo (ob+teneo) "I obtain", "I control [land or territory]"
pertineo (per+teneo) "I extend", "I am relevant to"
sustineo (sub+teneo) sustinui, sustentum "I withstand", "I endure"
tollo (3) sustuli, sublatum "I lift up", "I destroy"
tueor, tueri (2) tutus sum "I protect", "I watch over closely"
ūrō (3) ussī, ūstum "I burn up" (usu. in the sense of destroy something in a fire)
exuro (ex+uro)
utor (3) usus sum "I use [an ablative]"
vagor (1) "I wander"
vĕnio (4) vēni, ventum "I reach [a place]", "I arrive at [a place]"
verto (3) verti, versum "I turn"
everto (e+verto) "I overturn", "I destroy"
volvo (3) volui, volutus "I roll", "I go through", "I experience", "I explain"
ā ab abs from, by
abscondo (3) "I hide"
accipiō accipere accēpī acceptus to receive
ad prep. c. acc. "near", "toward"
adhūc thus far, to this point, still
admoneo (2) admonui, admonitum "I warn" to admonish, remind
adsum (ad+sum) "I am present"
adytum –ī n. "inner sanctum"
aeger aegra aegrum sick
aequaevus –a –um of equal age
aequor aequoris n. sea
aes, aeris (n.) "copper", "bronze"
aeternus –a –um everlasting, eternal
āiō to say, affirm, say yes
aliēnus –a –um strange, unrelated, another's
altum, -i (n.) "the sea"
ante before, in front of (adv. and prep. +acc.)
antrum, -i (n.) "a cave"
antīquus –a –um ancient, old
ara, -ae (f.) "an altar"
arma, -orum (n.) "weapons"
artus artūs m. limb, leg
arvum., -i (n.) "the land", "a field"
arx arcis f. summit, citadel
aspectus aspectūs m. sight
aspiciō aspicere aspēxī aspectus to look at
astrum astrī n. star
āter atra atrum black
atque or ac and, also
aula, -ae (f.) "a great hall"
aura aurae f. breeze
auris auris f. ear
auspicium auspicī(ī) n. divination; authority
autem (conj.) "but"
barba –ae f. beard
bellum, -i (n.) "a war"
bigae, -arum (pl.) "a chariot"
caecus, -a, -um (adj.) "blind", "hidden"
capessō (3) capessiī/capessīvī capessitus "I sieze", "I take up eargerly"
capiō capere cēpī captus "take", "get"
caput capitis n. head
Carthāgō Carthāginis f. Carthage
cārus –a –um precious
cāsus cāsūs m. fall, chance
causa causae f. cause, reason, lawsuit
celer celeris celere swift
cernō cernere crēvī certus to discern, separate
cervīx cervīcis f. neck
circumstō circumstāre circumstetī to stand around
clāmor clāmōris m. outcry, shout
classis classis f. division, fleet
clipeus –ī m. or clipeum –ī n. round shield
collum collī n. neck
colō colere coluī cultus to inhabit, cultivate
comes comitis m. or f. companion
commendō commendāre commendāvī commendātus to entrust, recommend, approve
compellō compellāre compellāvī compellātus to address
compōnō compōnere composuī compōsitus to build, arrange, bury, calm down
concrēscō –ere –crēvī –crētus to grow together; grow thick; stiffen
coniūnx coniugis f. spouse
cōnsīdō cōnsīdere cōnsēdī cōnsessus to sit down, settle
cōnūbium –iī n. marriage
cōpia cōpiae f. abundance; troops
cor cordis n. heart
corpus corporis n. body
crīnis crīnis m. hair
crūdēlis crūdēle unfeeling, cruel
cruentus –a –um bloody, blood–stained
culmen –inis n. top
cūnctus –a –um all
cūra cūrae f. care, concern
cuspis –idis f. sharp point, spear
dea deae f. goddess
dēcēdō dēcēdere dēcessī dēcessus to move away, withdraw
dēfendō dēfendere dēfendī dēfensus to defend, ward off
dēferō dēferre dētulī dēlātus to carry away; report, confer
dēfessus –a –um weary, exhausted
dēlūbrum –ī n. "a temple"
dēnique finally
dēserō dēserere dēseruī dēsertus to leave, abandon
dēsinō dēsinere dēsiī dēsitusto leave off, cease
dēstruō –ere –strūxī –strūctus to destroy
dētineō –ēre –uī –tentus to hold from or back; hold
deus deī m. god
dextera dextera f. right hand
diēs diēī m. or f. day
dīripiō –ere –ripuī –reptus to tear apart or off; snatch
dissimulō dissimulāre dissimulāvī dissimulātus to conceal, dissemble
divus, -a, -um "divine" (usu. subst. "god(dess)")
dō dare dedī datus to give
domus domus f. house, home
dōnum dōnī n. gift
dracō –ōnis m. dragon or fabulous kind of serpent
dūcō dūcere dūxī ductus to lead; consider
dum while, until, provided that
efferō efferre extulī ēlātus to carry out or away
effundō effundere effūdī effūsus to pour out
ēnumerō ēnumerāre ēnumerāvī ēnumerātus to count out or completely; enumerate
equidem indeed
ēripiō ēripere ēripuī ēreptus to tear away, snatch away
etiam also
exhālō exhālāre exhālāvī exhālātus to breathe out
exprōmō –ere –prōmsī –prōmptum to bring forth, explain
exspectō exspectāre exspectāvī exspectātus to wait for, expect
exstinguō exstinguere exstinxī exstinctus to extinguish
exter extera exterum outward, foreign
exuō exuere exuī exūtus to take off, strip
exuviae –ārum f. that which has been taken off; a garment
fāma fāmae f. rumor, fame
fātālis fātālis fātāle fated, fatal
fātum, -i (n.) "destiny"
ferō ferre tulī lātus to bear, carry, report
fēstus –a –um sacred, festive
fētus –a –um pregnant
fīdus –a –um faithful, trustworthy
fingō fingere fīnxī fīctus to shape, invent
flamma flammae f. flame
fleō flēre flēvī flētus to cry
flētus fletūs m. weeping
fluctus, -us (m.) "a wave"
foedō foedāre foedāvī foedātus to defile
foedus foederis n. contract, treaty
for fārī fātus sum to speak, say
frāter frātris m. brother
fraudō fraudāre fraudāvī fraudātus to defraud, cheat, act illegally
frōns frondis f. leaf
fuga fugae f. flight, escape
fugiō fugere fūgī fugitus to flee, escape
fūnis fūnis m. rope, line
fūnus fūneris n. funeral; death; dead body
furor furōris m. madness
fūrtum fūrtī n. theft
futūrus –a –um about to be; future
geminus –a –um twin
gemitus –ūs m. groaning; groan
genitor genitōris m. father
gens, gentis (f.) "family", "cultural group"
genus, -eris (n.) "type", "kind"
gerō gerere gessī gestus to bear, manage
grātus –a –um pleasant; grateful
graviter heavily
habeō habēre habuī habitus to have, hold
hasta hastae f. spear
hauriō haurīre hausī hastus to drain, drink, swallow
hībernus –a –um (belonging to) winter
homō hominis m. human being, man
horrendus –a –um to be shuddered at; dreadful
horror –ōris m. roughening or bristling; (fig.)
hospes hospitis m. guest; stranger; host
hostis hostis m. (public) enemy
hymenaeus –ī m. marriage
iaculor –ātus sum to hurl the javelin; to dart; throw
igneus –a –um fiery
ignis ignis m. fire
īgnōtus –a –um unknown
imāgō imāginis f. image, echo
immemor –oris unmindful, forgetful
immōtus –a –um unmoved, unchanged, unrelenting
incendō incendere incendī incensus to set fire to, burn
incertus –a –um uncertain
incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin
incipiō incipere incēpī inceptus to begin
inclutus (inclitus) –a –um famous, glorious
indīgnus –a –um unworthy (of)
induō induere induī indūtus to put on, clothe
īnfēlīx īnfēlīcis unfortunate, unhappy
īnfēnsus –a –um hostile, angry
īnferus –a –um low
ingens, ingentis (adj.) "huge"
iniūria iniūriae f. injustice, wrong
innūptus –a –um not veiled
interpres –etis m./f. an agent between parties; a mediator
intorqueō –ēre –torsī –tortus to turn or hurl toward
intrō intrāre intrāvī intrātus to enter
invidia invidiae f. envy, jealousy
ira, -ae (f.) "anger"
iubeō iubēre iussī iussus to order
iūssus iūssūs m. order, command
lābor labī lapsus sum to glide, slip (down)
labor labōris m. work
lacrima lacrimae f. tear
lāpsus –ūs m. slipping; gliding
largus –a –um ample
latus, lateris (n.) "a side"
līmen līminis n. threshold
lītus, -oris (n.) "a shore"
loquor loquī locūtus sum to speak
lōrum lōrī n. or lorus –ī m. thong, strap
lūdō lūdere lūsī lūsus to play; play with
lūmen luminis n. light
lūstrō lūstrāre lūstrāvī lūstrātus look over; survey
lūx lūcis f. daylight
māchina māchinae f. machine
maestus –a –um sad, depressing
māgnus –a –um great
mandātum –ī n. order, commission
manifēstus –a –um clear, manifest
manus manūs f. hand; band of men
mare, maris (n.) "the ocean"
medius –a –um middle, in the middle, in half
meminī meminisse to remember, recollect
memor memoris remembering
memor, -oris (adj.) "mindful"
mereō merēre meruī meritum to earn, deserve
minor minārī minātus sum to threaten
miser misera miserum wretched, pitiable
misereor –ērī miseritus sum to pity
mittō mittere mīsī missus "I send'
moenia moenium n. pl. walls
moenia moenium n. pl. walls
moles, molis (f.) "a big mass", "a heap"
mōlior mōlīrī mōlītus to work at, devise
monitum –ī n. an admonition; counsel; advice
mōnstrum mōnstrī n. omen; monster
mōra mōrae f. delay
moribundus –a –um ready to die
morior morī mortuus sum to die
moror morārī morātus sum to delay
mortālis –e mortal
mūgītus –ūs m. lowing; bellowing
multum (adv.) "much", "a lot"
mūrus mūrī m. wall
mūrus mūrī m. wall
mūtō mūtāre mūtāvī mūtātus to change
nāscor nāscī nātus sum to be born, come into being
negō negāre negāvī negātus to deny, refuse
nemus, nemoris (n.) "a grove"
nihil or nīl or nihilo n. nothing
nōdus –ī m. knot
nōmen nōminis n. name
novus –a –um new
nox noctis f. night
numen, numinis (n.) "a god", "the will of a god"
numquam never
ob prep. c. acc. "on account of"
obnītor –nīxus (–nīsus) sum to press (+ dat.)
obstipescō (obstupescō) –ere –stipuī (stupuī) to become stupefied; to be astonished
oculus oculī m. eye
ōdī ōdisse to hate
omnīnō entirely
omnis omne every; all
operiō operīre operuī opertum to cover, hide
opus operis n. work; need
ōra, -ae (f.) "a shore" don't confuse with os
orbis, orbis (m.) "a circle"
os, oris (n.) "mouth", "face" don't confuse with ora
parvulus –a –um very small
patior patī passus sum to permit, endure
patria patriae f. country
patrius –a –um paternal
paulum (adv.) "a little"
pavor pavōris m. fear, trembling
pectus, pectoris (n.) "the chest"
pelagus, -i (n.) "the sea"
Penātēs –ium m. local gods, city gods
penetrālis –e innermost
per (prep. c. acc.) through
pererrō pererrāre pererrāvī pererrātus to wander through or over
perfidus –a –um faithless, treacherous, false
pēs pedis m. foot
piget pigēre piguit pigitum est "it displeases [an acc. to inf.]"
pone (adv.) "aftrer", "behind"
pontus pontī m. the open sea
porta portae f. gate
potēns powerful
praetendō –ere –tendī –tentus to hold out before; stretch forth
premō premere pressī pressus to press
prex precis f. prayer
prīmus –a –um first
prior priōris former, previous, prior, first; (+ abl. of comparison) superior to
profugus, -i (m.) "a refugee"
prōmereor –meritus sum to merit for one's self by favors given; deserve
properō properāre properāvī properātus to hasten
pudor pudōris m. decency
puella puellae f. girl
puer puerī m. boy, slave
pulvis pulveris m. dust
puppis puppis f. stern of a ship
quaerō quaerere quaesiī/quaesīvī quaesītus "I ask", "I look for"
quālis quāle (adj.) what sort
quandō when
quantum how much
querēla querēlae f. complaint
quiēs quiētis f. sleep, rest
quondam formerly, at times, sometimes
quoniam since
quotiēns or quotiēs how many times; whenever "however so often", "whenever"
raptō raptāre raptāvī raptātus to seize violently; drag
recidīvus –a –um (adj.) "restored", "rebuilt"
redeō redīre rediī reditum to go back
referō referre rettulī relātus to bring back
rēgīna rēgīnae f. queen
rēgnum rēgnī n. royal power, kingdom
regō regere rēxī rēctus to rule
relinquō relinquere relīquī relictus to abandon
reliquiae –ārum f. pl. remains
respiciō respicere respexī respectum to look back
restō restāre restitī to resist
rēx rēgis m. king
rōbur rōboris n. oak, strength
rota rotae f. wheel
ruō ruere ruī rūtum to rush
sacer sacra sacrum holy
sacrātus –a –um holy
sacrum sacrī n. a holy thing, (religious) rite
saevus, -a, -um (adj.) "cruel"
sagitta, -ae (f.) "an arrow"
sal, salis (m.) "salt"
saltem or saltim at least, at any rate
saltus saltūs m. jump
salum, -i (n.) "the sea"
sanguis sanguinis m. or sanguen –inis n. blood
saniēs –em –ē f. putrid
satis or sat (comp. satius) enough
saucius –a –um wounded; afflicted; drunk
saxum, -i (n.) "a rock"
scelerātus –a –um criminal
scelus sceleris n. crime
secūris secūris f. axe
sēdēs sēdis f. seat
sequor sequī secūtus sum to follow, come next
serēnus –a –um serene, calm
serpō –ere serpsī serptus to creep
sīdus sīderis n. star
silva, -ae (f.) "woods"
simul at the same time
simulācrum simulācrī n. likeness; statue
somnus somnī m. sleep
sonitus, -us (m.) "a sound"
sors, sortis (f.) "a lot", most frequently sorte "by lot", "by chance"
spērō spērāre spērāvī spērātus to hope
spēs speī f. hope
spīritus spīritūs m. breath; spirit
sponte "voluntarily" sua sponte "of his own free will", mea sponte: "of my own will", etc. voluntarily
sponte (adv.) "willingly"
squāleō –ēre –uī to be rough
statuō statuere statuī statūtus to set up
stūppeus –a –um made of tow or flax
subeō subīre subīvī/subiī subitus to go under
subolēs –is f. shoot; twig
sum esse fuī futūrus to be
superi, -orum (m.) "the gods"
surgō surgere surrēxī surrēctus to rise
suscipiō suscipere suscēpī susceptus to take up
tacitus –a –um silent
taeda taedae f. torch
talis, -e (adj.) "of such a kind"
tamen nevertheless, however
tandem finally
tantus –a –um so much, so great
taurus taurī m. bull
tēctum –ī n. "a building"
tellus, telluris (f.) "the earth"
telum, -a (n.) "a [thrown] weapon"
tempus temporis n. time
teneō tenēre tenuī tentus to hold
tergum, -i (n.) "a back"
terra, -ae (f.) "earth"
terreō terrēre terruī territus to terrify
testor –ārī –ātus sum to testify
trāiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum pierce, cross over
tum or tunc then, at that time
tumeō tumēre tumuī to swell, puff up
turbidus –a –um confused, fould
ulterior –ius; ultimus –a –um farther; farthest
ultrō furthermore, beyond; voluntarily
umbra umbrae f. shadow
ūmeō –ēre to be wet, moist
umquam ever
unda, undae (f.) "a wave" = fluctus
undōsus –a –um billowy, stormy
urbs urbis f. city
uterque utraque utrumque "each of two"
uterus –ī m. the womb
valeō valēre valuī valitus to be strong, be worth
vānus –a –um empty
varius –a –um varied
venēnum venēnī n. poison
veniō venīre vēnī ventum to come
ventus -i (m.) "a wind"
Vesta –ae f. Vesta
vincō vincere vīcī victus to conquer
vinculum vinculī n. bond
vir, viri (m.) "a man"
vis, vis (f.) irregular. "power"
vīta vītae f. life
vitta vittae f. ribbon
volumen, voluminis (n.) "a roll"
vōx vōcis f. voice
vulnus vulneris n. wound
vultus vultūs m. expression