Untitled Flashcards Set

Chapter 9: The Cellular Basis of Inheritance Chapter Summary

Name:______________________________________

Concept 9.1 All Cells come from Cells

1. An organism reproducing by simple cell division, in which a single cell or group of cells duplicates its genetic material and then splits into two new genetically identical cells is called _______________________________________________.

2. Genetically, this means offspring inherit __________ of their genetic offspring from one parent, thus being genetically identical to that parent.

3. When two parents are involved in the production of off-spring, the process is called ______________________________________________.

4. How do asexual and sexual reproduction differ? List two ways:

5. How is cell division involved in growth?

Concept 9.2 The Cell Cycle Multiplies Cells

6.  Define the following terms:

Chromatin

Chromosomes

Sister Chromatids

Centromere

7. How many pairs of chromosomes does a dividing cell begin with? ________________

8. __________________ cells that divide undergo an orderly sequence of events known as the ____________________________________.

9. One phase of this cycle is called __________________________. The cell may spend up to ___________ percent of its time in this phase.  This is the stage in which the cell carries out  its __________________ processes and performs its _____________________. Tell me about the example that they give you in the book:

10. _________________________ also includes cellular functions leading up to cellular division. The time frame within this phase that duplicates the DNA is called the ________ phase. Explain what is happening in the G1 and G2 phases of interphase.

11. The stage of the cycle when the cell is dividing is called ___________________ or _________________. 

12. This process includes two processes __________________ and ___________________.

13. During ______________, the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes divide and are equally distributed, forming two daughter nuclei. 

14. _____________________ is the process in which the cytoplasm divides in two. 

15. Each daughter cell created from the above process has __________________________, ______________________________ and ____________________________.

16. Mitosis is unique to ____________________________ . 

17. Describe how the appearance of chromosomes change as a cell is about to divide:

18. Interphase used to be described as the “resting” phase. Why is this description not accurate?

19. Describe what happens during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Concept 9.3 Cells Divide During the Mitotic Phase

20. Define the following terms:

Spindle

Centrosome

Cell plate

21. Give a brief description of what happens in each stage of Mitosis. Include a sketch of what each phase looks like (you aren’t being graded on your artistic abilities ☺ )

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Concept 9.4 Cancer Cells Grow and Divide out of Control

22. Define the terms:

Cancer

Benign Tumor

Malignant Tumor

Metastasis

23. Malignant tumors can be removed by ______________________, though it is hard to remove the entire tumor sometimes. ________________________ and ________________________ may be used as treatment methods to stop cancer cells from dividing. 

24. ________________________ therapy disrupts cell division using high energy radiation.

25. ________________________ disrupt cell division by using drugs to disrupt the process. 

26. Why do you think cancer treatments are potentially dangerous to other cells?

27. What are two differences between benign cells and malignant cells?

Biology Unit 5 - Cellular Reproduction

Test Content Sheet

For the Unit 5 test, students will be permitted to refer to any notes that they have produced (hand-written or typed and printed). Students will not be allowed to acces their computers or to use any resources that have been procured by the teacher (slideshows or answer keys).

1. Experimental Design

   1. Independent and dependent variables

   2. Hypothesis

   3. Experimental vs control groups

2. Cell Cycle and Mitosis

   1. Stages and sub-stages of cell cycle (steps and diagrams)

   2. Centrioles

   3. Chromatin vs chromosomes (what form is DNA in during each stage of cell cycle)

   4. Unreplicated vs replicated chromosomes (Sister chromatids)

   5. Centromere

   6. Number of parent cells at beginning of cell cycle (Number of chromosomes in a human cell) and number of daughter cells that come out of mitosis (Number of chromosomes in a human cell)

   7. Are daughter cells geneticall identical to or different from parent cell?

3. Cancer

   1. Checkpoints

   2. Normal vs Cancer cells

   3. 2 ways cancer cells bexome abnormal in the first place

   4. 2 kinds of cancer genes (onco-genes and tumor suppressor genes)

   5. 2 ways our bodies fight cancer

   6. Benign, malignant, vs metastatic

   7. Treatments for cancer

   8. Henrietta Lacks case study

4. Karyotypes

   1. What is a karyotype

   2. How is it organized

   3. Homologous chromosomes

   4. Autosomes vs sex chromosomes (female = XX and Male = XY)

   5. Be able to analyze a karyotype for sex of individual and any chromsomal abnormalities

   6. Define intersex individual

   7. Trisomy vs monosomy

5. Meiosis

   1. Somatic cells vs gametes

   2. Number of parent cells at beginning of meiosis (Number of chromosomes in a human cell) and number of daughter cells that come out of meiosis (Number of chromosomes in a human cell)

   3. Are daughter cells geneticall identical to or different from parent cell?

   4. What happens after gamete formation?

   5. Diploid vs haploid

   6. Homologous chromosomes vs sister chromatids

   7. Stages and sub-stages of Meiosis (I and II - steps and diagrams)

   8. Crossing over

   9. Independent Assortment

   10. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis (Venn Diagram)