Attention
Attention acts as a means of allocating limited mental resources to information and cognitive processes at a given moment. 12
Types of attention include:
Alertness and arousal: the basic aspects of attention that enable a person to extract information from the environment or to select a particular response. 2
Vigilance (sustained attention): the ability to sustain alertness continuously. 3
Selective attention: the ability to scan events/stimuli and pick out the ones that are relevant. 4
Divided attention: paying attention to two or more tasks at the same time. 5
Filter theories of attention postulate that there are certain 'filters' along the informational pathway that only allow certain information to pass through. 6
Broadbent's early filter model suggests the filter takes place at the sensory level based on physical characteristics. 7
Objections to the early filter model include the fact that unattended messages can sometimes be processed at a semantic level. 7
Gray & Wedderburn's study showed that people can shadow based on meaning, not just physical characteristics. 8
Treisman's model involves parallel pre-attentive analysis, pattern analysis, and focused attention. 【13,14】
Deutsch & Deutsch's late selection model suggests all information undergoes analysis for meaning before selection. 9
Neglect syndrome is the lack of attention to one side of space, usually the left, as a result of parietal damage. 10
Bisiach and Luzzatti found that left neglect patients show a right side bias in their descriptions of memories. 11
Sensation is the detection of physical energy, while perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. 【22,23】
Visual perception involves light entering the eye, being focused on the retina, and stimulating photoreceptors (rods and cones) to produce neural impulses. 【24,25】
The optic nerve fibers have receptive fields, and the LGN regulates neural information flow from the retina to the cortex. 【26,27】
Bottom-up processing involves analysis from the stimulus to the cortex, while top-down processing uses contextual information. 【28,29】
Perceptual organization follows Gestalt principles like similarity, proximity, continuity, and closure. 【31,32】
Sound is a longitudinal pressure wave caused by vibration of material. 【33,34,35】
The ear consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear, with the cochlea being the key structure for transducing sound waves into neural impulses. 【36,37】
Tonotopic coding in the cochlea allows for the translation of frequency information into position along the basilar membrane. 11
Attention acts as a means of allocating limited mental resources to information and cognitive processes at a given moment. 12
Types of attention include:
Alertness and arousal: the basic aspects of attention that enable a person to extract information from the environment or to select a particular response. 2
Vigilance (sustained attention): the ability to sustain alertness continuously. 3
Selective attention: the ability to scan events/stimuli and pick out the ones that are relevant. 4
Divided attention: paying attention to two or more tasks at the same time. 5
Filter theories of attention postulate that there are certain 'filters' along the informational pathway that only allow certain information to pass through. 6
Broadbent's early filter model suggests the filter takes place at the sensory level based on physical characteristics. 7
Objections to the early filter model include the fact that unattended messages can sometimes be processed at a semantic level. 7
Gray & Wedderburn's study showed that people can shadow based on meaning, not just physical characteristics. 8
Treisman's model involves parallel pre-attentive analysis, pattern analysis, and focused attention. 【13,14】
Deutsch & Deutsch's late selection model suggests all information undergoes analysis for meaning before selection. 9
Neglect syndrome is the lack of attention to one side of space, usually the left, as a result of parietal damage. 10
Bisiach and Luzzatti found that left neglect patients show a right side bias in their descriptions of memories. 11
Sensation is the detection of physical energy, while perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. 【22,23】
Visual perception involves light entering the eye, being focused on the retina, and stimulating photoreceptors (rods and cones) to produce neural impulses. 【24,25】
The optic nerve fibers have receptive fields, and the LGN regulates neural information flow from the retina to the cortex. 【26,27】
Bottom-up processing involves analysis from the stimulus to the cortex, while top-down processing uses contextual information. 【28,29】
Perceptual organization follows Gestalt principles like similarity, proximity, continuity, and closure. 【31,32】
Sound is a longitudinal pressure wave caused by vibration of material. 【33,34,35】
The ear consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear, with the cochlea being the key structure for transducing sound waves into neural impulses. 【36,37】
Tonotopic coding in the cochlea allows for the translation of frequency information into position along the basilar membrane. 11
