honor global chap one
: How did rule differ under oligarchies, democracies, and republics?
A: Oligarchy = small elite group, Democracy = people rule, Republic = elected representatives.
Q: What are the main characteristics of a civilization?
A: Cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art.
Q: What factors led to organized communities?
A: Farming, food surplus, domestication, rivers.
Q: What were the first ancient civilizations?
A: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China.
Q: How did civilization develop in ancient India?
A: Indus River cities, trade, planned urban life, caste system.
Q: What was significant about the first civilizations in China?
A: Yellow River farming, dynasties, early writing.
Q: What caused the rise and fall of Ancient Greece?
A: Rise = trade, democracy, culture. Fall = wars, invasions, conflict.
Q: What defined Roman rule?
A: Laws (Twelve Tables), citizenship, military, roads.
Q: Difference between aristocracy and sultanate?
A: Aristocracy = nobles rule; Sultanate = Muslim ruler with absolute power.
Q: What were two major civilizations after ancient empires?
A: Mali (Africa, trade/Islam) and Maya/Aztec (Americas, farming/religion).
Q: What factors helped the Arab Empire grow?
A: Islam, trade, military.
Q: What defined African trading states?
A: Gold-salt trade, Islam, powerful kingdoms.
Q: Successes and challenges of Medieval Asia?
A: Success = Silk Road trade, tech; Challenges = Mongols.
Q: How did Europe develop after Rome?
A: Feudalism, Church gained power.
Q: What helped the Byzantine Empire succeed?
A: Strong emperors, Constantinople trade, preserved Roman/Greek culture.
Q: Which civilizations flourished in the Americas before Europeans?
A: Maya, Aztec, Inca.
Q: Which civilization had the first democracy?
A: Greece (Athens). Inspired Western politics.
Q: What was India’s social structure, and why was reincarnation important?
A: Caste system; reincarnation justified social positions.
Q: Under which rulers did Byzantium prosper, and why?
A: Justinian & others; Constantinople trade center.
Q: What rose after the Carolingian Empire? Who gained power?
A: Feudalism; nobles gained power.
Q: What is the moral lesson in Livy’s story about Cincinnatus?
A: Leaders should serve with duty and humility, not seek personal power.
Q: Why is factual accuracy important for historians?
A: To preserve truth. But moral lessons in history teach values like courage and responsibility.
Q: How did Greek and Roman civilizations influence the West?
A: Greece gave democracy and philosophy; Rome gave law, republic government, and engineering.
Q: How did Judaism influence Western culture?
A: Through monotheism, moral law, and justice, shaping Christianity and Western ethics.
Q: Under whose reign did the Songhai Empire prosper?
A: Askia Muhammad. Success came from trade and strong government.
Q: How are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam similar?
A: Monotheism, Abrahamic roots, moral codes.
Q: How are they different?
A: Sacred texts, beliefs about Jesus, and practices.
Q: What caused the fall of Rome and the Qin dynasty?
A: Corruption, heavy taxes, and rebellion weakened them from within.
Q: What are characteristics of a civilization?
A: Cities, writing, government, religion, social structure, and technology.
Q: Difference between ancient and medieval civilizations?
A: Ancient = writing, first empires. Medieval = feudalism, universities.