8.2
- Political parties emerged - Federalists and Democratic Republicans
- The nation became divided into these 2 factions
| Federalists | Democratic Republicans |
|---|---|
| SupportersMerchants, bankers, manufacturers, most professionals, and a few wealthy farmersMost popular in New England | SupportersFarmers, small shop owners, frontiersmen, settlers, and craftsmenMost popular in southern and western states |
| Government ViewsStrong but limited central gov’t, weaker state gov’t Loose constructionistLimited democracyGov’t led by wealthy and educated people | Government ViewsWeaker central gov’t, stronger state gov’tStrict constructionistMore DemocracyTrusted common man |
| Economic ViewsPro-National BankSome national debt is good if properly managedwanted Federal spending on “Internal Improvements” | Economic ViewsAnti-National BankNational Debt is BadFederal Spending is bad |
| Foreign Affairs ViewsPro British | Foreign Affairs ViewsPro French |
- James Madison fought for the D. R. in congress, Jefferson fought for them in Washington’s Cabinet
- Hamilton was more emotionally reserved, Jefferson was an emotional wreck
- Washington ran again in 1792, knowing the Nation wouldn’t survive if he resigned
- French Revolution began in 1789 (Cabinet Battle #2)
- Reign of terror killed King Louis XVI and around 40,000 other French citizens
- Soon the citizens were just rioting and this kinda ended the Pro-France view in America
- Washington had Hamilton draft a statement of Neutrality in April of 1793
- Citizen Genêt went to Charleston and traveled around the country to stir up French support in America
- Genêt didn’t win Washington over, however, and had to return to France empty handed
- But before he did that, he married the Governor of New York’s daughter
- Genêt left the nation divided
- 1793 - Britain begins attacking American trade ships in the French West Indies
- British practiced ==impressment==
- this enraged republicans, who were already eager to fight the British
- 1794 - Washington sent John Jay to London to settle the British / American feud
- Jay returned with a weak, but best possible outcome, treaty
- Britain agreed to remove soldiers in American territory and offered to pay compensation for the previous year of raiding
- republicans hated the treaty, claiming it was pro-British
- It barely passed in the Senate in 1795
- Jays treaty accomplished it’s goal - avoid war with the British
- Hamilton’s policies were not well received in the Southern and Western states
- Hamilton proposed a tax on liquor
- Most farmers, who used part of their crop to make whiskey, hated the proposal
- This was the first internal tax in America’s history
- Soon tax evasion turned to violence
- In West Pennsylvania is where the main event of the Whiskey Rebellion occurred
- Washington gathered 13,000 men to squash the rebellion
- He personally led them to West Pennsylvania with Hamilton as his right hand
- They took care of the rebellion quickly, and the resolution was, essentially, Washington telling them to deal with things they don’t like by voting instead of violence
- This is the only time a president led troops WHILE in office
- The rebellion ended, but the discontent over taxes never did
- 1796 - Washington announces he will not run for president again
- Washington urged to make economic ties with Europe, but not political ties
- Washington’s Farewell Address was not delivered orally, but printed in papers all across the nation
- This address shaped America’s foreign policy until the World Wars in the 20th century