Page 1: Introduction to Sociology of Crimes

Subjects Covered

• Sociology of Crimes, Ethics, and Human Relations (CRIM)

• Human Behavior and Victimology

Page 3: Areas for the Licensure Examination

• Criminal Law and Jurisprudence: 20%

• Law Enforcement Administration: 15%

• Crime Detection and Investigation: 20%

• Forensic: 15%

• Correctional Administration: 10%

• Criminal Sociology: 20% Reference: Sec. 15 (R.A. 11131)

Page 4: Topics Weight & Distribution

1. Introduction to Criminology - 3% (15 Items)

2. Theories of Crime Causation - 3% (15 Items)

3. Human Behavior and Victimology - 3% (15 Items)

4. Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards - 2% (10 Items)

5. Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System - 3% (15 Items)

6. Dispute Resolution and Crisis/Incident Management - 2% (10 Items)

7. Criminological Research 1 and 2 - 4% (20 Items) Total: 20% (100 Items)

Page 5: Overview of Lecture Topics

• Introduction (key definitions, basic concepts)

• Development (human behavior through development stages)

• Emotions, Frustration, and Conflicts

• Criminal Psychology (various disorders)

• Sexual Deviancy

• Victimology (essential concepts and related laws)

Page 7: Definition of Human Behavior

• Defined as any self-initiated action and/or reaction to situations.

• Encompasses the totality of man’s reactions to his environment.

Page 9: Theories of Human Behavior

1. Instinct Theory - Behavior commanded by innate instincts (McDougall).

2. Drive Theory - Originates from natural needs (Clark Hull).

3. Mechanistic Theory - Actions influenced by internal/external factors.

Page 11: Classifications of Human Behavior

• Habitual: Automatic actions through language/emotion.

• Instinctive: Unlearned behaviors for survival.

• Symbolic: Non-verbal expressions through symbols.

• Complex: Combination of classified behaviors.

Page 13: Causes of Human Behavior

• Sensation: Responses to stimuli (visual, olfactory, etc.).

• Perception: Knowledge of stimuli affecting behavior.

• Awareness: Psychological interpretation from past experiences.

Page 15: Basic Types of Behavior

1. Inherited Behavior: Reflex reactions due to genetics.

2. Learned Behavior: Adaptations from the environment.

Page 16: Views in Human Behavior

1. Neurological View: Links actions to bodily events.

2. Behavioral View: Focuses on observable functions.

3. Cognitive View: Concerned with information processing.

4. Psychoanalytical View: Emphasizes unconscious motives.

5. Humanistic View: Highlights experience and self-actualization.

Page 18: Factors Affecting Human Behavior

• Heredity/Biological (Nature): Traits inherited from parents.

• Environment (Nurture): Surroundings influencing behavior.

Page 22: Kinds of Behavior

1. Conscious Behavior: Awareness of reactions.

2. Unconscious Behavior: Actions without awareness.

3. Overt Behavior: Visible responses.

4. Covert Behavior: Hidden responses.

5. Voluntary Behavior: Under control of the individual.

6. Involuntary Behavior: Automatic actions.

Page 42: Emotions, Frustration, and Conflicts

• Emotion: Derived from Latin "emovere"; an outward expression.

• Frustration: Blocks motivated behavior, can lead to anxiety or depression.

Page 45: Sources of Frustration

1. Physical Obstacles

2. Social Circumstances

3. Personal Shortcomings

4. Conflicts between motives

Page 47: Types of Conflicts

1. Approach-Avoidance Conflict: Desirable object with negative consequences.

2. Approach-Approach Conflict: Choosing between two positive alternatives.

3. Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict: Choosing between two undesirable options.

4. Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict: Choosing between alternatives with both pros and cons.

Page 51: Sources of Conflict (Freud's Theory)

• Id: Operates on pleasure principle.

• Ego: Reality principle; balances id with reality.

• Superego: Moral conscience mediating between id and ego.

Page 56: Stress Overview

• Eustress: Positive stress.

• Distress: Negative stress leading to anxiety or withdrawal.

Page 77: Criminal Psychology Definition

• Examines the psychology behind crimes, focusing on the criminal's personality and behavior.

Page 79: Criminal Behavior Types

• Actions forbidden by law, and harmful to individual or social morals.

Page 85: Definitions of Abnormal Behavior

• Abnormality: Deviation from societal norms.

• Criteria: statistical, social, maladaptive behavior, personal distress.

Page 90: Categories of Mental Retardation

1. Mild (IQ 50-70): Basic self-care skills.

2. Moderate (IQ 35-49): May need assistance.

3. Severe (IQ 20-34): Limited communication skills.

4. Profound (IQ <20): Requires lifetime care.

Page 259: Mendelsohn's Types of Victims

1. Completely Innocent Victim - No provocation.

2. Victim due to Ignorance - Unwittingly put in danger.

3. Voluntary Victim - Consciously engages in harmful activities.

4. Victim more Guilty than Offender - Provokes criminal behavior.

5. Most Guilty Victim - Initial aggressor.

6. Simulating or Imaginary Victim - False reports.

Page 270: Victims Services Program

• Republic Act No. 7309: Protects victims of unjust imprisonment and violent crimes, established a claims board.

Page 281: Relevant Laws for Victims of Crime

• R.A. 7610: Protects children.

• R.A. 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment.

• R.A. 8505: Rape Victim Assistance.

• R.A. 9262: Anti-Violence Against Women.

Page 287: Final Thoughts

• Quote by Benjamin Franklin: "By failing to prepare you are preparing to fail."

• Wish for success in the exam!