Chem

Science- a way of learning about the natural world

scientific law- a statement describing an observed phenomenon

scientific theory- a broad explanation of a phenomenon that is widely accepted because it supported by a great deal of evidence

Chemistry- the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes

physical chemistry- study physical properties of materials, create new things

organic chemistry- synthesize polymers, study carbon based materials

inorganic chemistry- study of non-carbon based materials

analytical chemistry  -synthesize proteins, study biological processes        

Biochemistry-  study the composition of matter

inductive reasoning- the process of drawing conclusions based on many pieces of evidence

scientific method- a logical systematic approach to the solution of a problem

Observation- any information that is gathered with the senses

Hypothesis- an educated guess

Experiment- a controlled scientific study of specific variables

manipulated variable (independent variable)- is changed by the researcher

responding variable (dependent variable)- researcher predicts will change

Mass- measures the amount of matter in an object

Volume- the measure of the amount of space an object takes up

physical property- properties that can measured/ observed without matter changing into an entirely different substance

extensive property- properties that depend on the amount of matter present

intensive property- Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter but on the type

physical change- a change in or more physical properties without any change in the physical

solid-A state of matter in which particles are tightly packed together

Liquid- A state of matter in which particles slip past each other and take the shape of their container

Gas- A state of matter in which particles of matter can pull apart from each other and spread out

Vapor- a gas phase of a substance that is typically a liquid or a solid at room temperature

states of matter- different phases in which any given matter can exsist

Substance- a form of matter that has a specific chemical composition and distinct properties

Mixture- Physical blend of two or more components, each of which retains its own identity and properties in the mixure

Solution- a type of mixture where on substance is dissolved in another substance

homogeneous mixture- a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture

heterogeneous mixture- a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture

Phase- a separate layer in the heterogeneous mixture

Chromatography- separation of 2 substances using a mobile phase and a stationary phase

Distillation- used to separate 2 liquids based on their differences in boiling points

Filtration- separation of a mixture’s components through differences in particle size

Element- a pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances

compound

Molecule- smallest particle of a compound that still has that compound’s properties

chemical change- occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties

chemical property- properties that can be measured/ observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of substance

chemical reaction- a process where substances called reactants get transferred into different substances called products

chemical symbol- one- or- two designation of an element

Flammability-  the ability to burn matter

law of conservation of mass- states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Precipitate- solids that forms and settles outside a liquid mixture

Product- substances that are produced in the reaction 

Reactant- substances that start a chemical reaction

Reactivity- the ability of matter to react chemically with other substances

derived units- quantities that are calculated

Density- a physical property that depends only on the composition of a substance and not the size of the sample.