Spanish 203 Verb Presentation

Page 1: Basic Verb Forms

Definition: Unconjugated, most basic form of the verb.
Endings: Common endings include -ar, -er, -ir.
Examples:
- Comer (to eat)
- Cerrar (to close)
- Abrir (to open)
Verb Stem: For regular verbs, the stem is the infinitive without the -ar, -er, or -ir endings:
- Comer -> Com
- Cerrar -> Cerr
- Abrir -> Abr

Formation: Regularly formed by adding -ado to -ar verbs or -ido to -er and -ir verbs.
Examples:
- Comer – Comido
- Cocinar – Cocinado
- Vivir - Vivido
Usage:
- Can be used as adjectives or in forming perfect tenses:
  - Adjective: Los vegetales están cocinados.
  - Present Perfect: Yo he cocinado.

Formation: Regularly formed by adding -ando to -ar verbs and -iendo to -er and -ir verbs.
Examples:
- Hablar -> Hablando
- Conocer -> Conociendo
- Salir -> Saliendo
Usage:
- Commonly used with present progressive (estar + gerundio):
  - Estoy estudiando historia. (I am studying history.)

Function: Change how verbs are conjugated.
Number of Moods: Three moods total:
- El indicativo
- El subjuntivo
- El imperativo (los mandatos)

Use: For obvious characteristics, actions, or events thought to be true.
Examples:
- Yo corro. (I run.)
- Tú comiste frutas ayer. (You ate fruit yesterday.)
- La manzana es roja. (The apple is red.)

Use: For hypotheticals, doubts, emotions, and recommendations (abbreviated as WEIRDO).
Examples:
- Es necesario que yo aprenda español antes de que viaje a España. (It is necessary that I learn Spanish before I travel to Spain.)
- Yo dudo que ella hable alemán. (I doubt that she speaks German.)

Use: Commands or telling someone to do something.
Examples:
- Saca la basura. (Take out the garbage.)
- Practique Ud. su español. (You (formal) practice your Spanish.)

Use: For present certain actions/events.
Examples:
- Yo corro con mi amiga. (I run with my friend.)
- Yo hablo español. (I speak Spanish.)
Forming Regular Verbs:
- –ar verbs:
  - Yo – o
  - Tú – as
  - Él/ella/Ud. – a
  - Nosotros – amos
  - Vosotros – áis
  - Ellos/ellas/Uds. - an
- –er & –ir verbs:
  - Yo – o
  - Tú – es
  - Él/ella/Ud. – e
  - Nosotros – emos
  - Vosotros – éis
  - Ellos/ellas/Uds. - en

Use: For present uncertain actions.
Formation: Take yo form of present indicative, remove "o" and add the opposite vowel ending.
Examples:
- (pensar) pienso -> piense
- (comer) como -> coma
- (tratar) trato -> trate
Regular Forms:
- –ar: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
- –er & –ir: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

Use: Express actions that have and have not been done.
Formation: Present indicative of haber + participio pasado.
Examples:
- Mi hermano y yo hemos viajado a Guatemala. (My brother and I have traveled to Guatemala.)
Structure:
- Direct, indirect, or reflexive pronouns go in front of the phrase.
- Ya lo he visto. (I have seen it already.)
Present Indicative of Haber:
- he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han

Use: For completed past actions, often at specific times.
Examples:
- Yo hablé con mi amiga ayer. (I talked with my friend yesterday.)
Regular Forms:
- –ar: -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron
- –er and –ir: -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

Use: For continual past actions, actions that get interrupted, background information.
Examples:
- Cuando yo tenía diez años... (When I was ten years old...)
Regular Forms:
- –ar: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban
- –er & –ir: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Use: For future actions and guessing/approximations.
Examples:
- Yo compraré una camisa la próxima semana. (I will buy a shirt next week.)
- Serán las ocho de la mañana. (It will be eight in the morning.)
Formation: The ending is placed on the infinitive.
Regular Forms:
- -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án
- Examples:
  - Yo viviré en Italia. (I will live in Italy.)
  - Nosotros comeremos nuestra comida. (We will eat our food.)

Structure: Conjugations in affirmative commands are the same as present subjunctive forms.
Usage: Subject usually follows the verb.
Examples:
- Beba Ud. su leche. (Drink your milk.)
- Beban Uds. su café. (Drink your coffee.)

Implied tú: Commands addressed directly to the informal "tú".
Formation: Use the 3rd person singular (él/ella/Ud.) of present indicative.
Examples:
- Come (tú) tus frutas. (Eat your fruit.)
- Saca (tú) la basura. (Take out the trash.)

Use: To express would do something and for polite requests.
Formation: Same irregular forms as el futuro, with regular forms added onto the infinitive.
Regular Forms:
- -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían
Examples:
- Me dijo que estaría en la sala de emergencias. (She told me that she would be in the emergency room.)