Spanish 203 Verb Presentation

Page 1: Basic Verb Forms

• Overview of verb forms outside of tenses and moods.

Page 2: Los Infinitivos (Infinitives)

• Definition: Unconjugated, most basic form of the verb.

• Endings: Common endings include -ar, -er, -ir.

• Examples:

  • Comer (to eat)

  • Cerrar (to close)

  • Abrir (to open)

• Verb Stem: For regular verbs, the stem is the infinitive without the -ar, -er, or -ir endings:

  • Comer -> Com

  • Cerrar -> Cerr

  • Abrir -> Abr

Page 3: Los Participios Pasados (Past Participles)

• Formation: Regularly formed by adding -ado to -ar verbs or -ido to -er and -ir verbs.

• Examples:

  • Comer – Comido

  • Cocinar – Cocinado

  • Vivir - Vivido

• Usage:

  • Can be used as adjectives or in forming perfect tenses:

    • Adjective: Los vegetales están cocinados.

    • Present Perfect: Yo he cocinado.

Page 4: Gerundios (Present Participles)

• Formation: Regularly formed by adding -ando to -ar verbs and -iendo to -er and -ir verbs.

• Examples:

  • Hablar -> Hablando

  • Conocer -> Conociendo

  • Salir -> Saliendo

• Usage:

  • Commonly used with present progressive (estar + gerundio):

    • Estoy estudiando historia. (I am studying history.)

Page 5: Tiempos Verbales y los Modos (Verb Tenses and Moods)

• Introduction to verb tenses and moods in Spanish.

Page 6: Los Modos (The Moods)

• Types: El indicativo, el subjuntivo, y el imperativo (o los mandatos).

Page 7: Los Modos en General (Moods in General)

• Function: Change how verbs are conjugated.

• Number of Moods: Three moods total:

  • El indicativo

  • El subjuntivo

  • El imperativo (los mandatos)

Page 8: El Indicativo (Indicative)

• Use: For obvious characteristics, actions, or events thought to be true.

• Examples:

  • Yo corro. (I run.)

  • Tú comiste frutas ayer. (You ate fruit yesterday.)

  • La manzana es roja. (The apple is red.)

Page 9: El Subjuntivo (Subjunctive)

• Use: For hypotheticals, doubts, emotions, and recommendations (abbreviated as WEIRDO).

• Examples:

  • Es necesario que yo aprenda español antes de que viaje a España. (It is necessary that I learn Spanish before I travel to Spain.)

  • Yo dudo que ella hable alemán. (I doubt that she speaks German.)

Page 10: El Imperativo (Imperative) o los Mandatos (Commands)

• Use: Commands or telling someone to do something.

• Examples:

  • Saca la basura. (Take out the garbage.)

  • Practique Ud. su español. (You (formal) practice your Spanish.)

Page 11: Tiempos Verbales (Verb Tenses)

• Overview of verb tenses accepted in Spanish.

Page 12: Presente del Indicativo (Present Indicative)

• Use: For present certain actions/events.

• Examples:

  • Yo corro con mi amiga. (I run with my friend.)

  • Yo hablo español. (I speak Spanish.)

• Forming Regular Verbs:

  • –ar verbs:

    • Yo – o

    • Tú – as

    • Él/ella/Ud. – a

    • Nosotros – amos

    • Vosotros – áis

    • Ellos/ellas/Uds. - an

  • –er & –ir verbs:

    • Yo – o

    • Tú – es

    • Él/ella/Ud. – e

    • Nosotros – emos

    • Vosotros – éis

    • Ellos/ellas/Uds. - en

Page 13: Presente del Subjuntivo (Present Subjunctive)

• Use: For present uncertain actions.

• Formation: Take yo form of present indicative, remove "o" and add the opposite vowel ending.

• Examples:

  • (pensar) pienso -> piense

  • (comer) como -> coma

  • (tratar) trato -> trate

• Regular Forms:

  • –ar: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

  • –er & –ir: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

Page 14: El Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect)

• Use: Express actions that have and have not been done.

• Formation: Present indicative of haber + participio pasado.

• Examples:

  • Mi hermano y yo hemos viajado a Guatemala. (My brother and I have traveled to Guatemala.)

• Structure:

  • Direct, indirect, or reflexive pronouns go in front of the phrase.

  • Ya lo he visto. (I have seen it already.)

• Present Indicative of Haber:

  • he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han

Page 15: El Pretérito (Preterite)

• Use: For completed past actions, often at specific times.

• Examples:

  • Yo hablé con mi amiga ayer. (I talked with my friend yesterday.)

• Regular Forms:

  • –ar: -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron

  • –er and –ir: -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

Page 16: El Imperfecto (Imperfect)

• Use: For continual past actions, actions that get interrupted, background information.

• Examples:

  • Cuando yo tenía diez años... (When I was ten years old...)

• Regular Forms:

  • –ar: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban

  • –er & –ir: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Page 17: El Futuro (Future)

• Use: For future actions and guessing/approximations.

• Examples:

  • Yo compraré una camisa la próxima semana. (I will buy a shirt next week.)

  • Serán las ocho de la mañana. (It will be eight in the morning.)

• Formation: The ending is placed on the infinitive.

• Regular Forms:

  • -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án

  • Examples:

    • Yo viviré en Italia. (I will live in Italy.)

    • Nosotros comeremos nuestra comida. (We will eat our food.)

Page 18: Affirmative Commands (Except tú and vosotros)

• Structure: Conjugations in affirmative commands are the same as present subjunctive forms.

• Usage: Subject usually follows the verb.

• Examples:

  • Beba Ud. su leche. (Drink your milk.)

  • Beban Uds. su café. (Drink your coffee.)

Page 19: Affirmative Tú Commands

• Implied tú: Commands addressed directly to the informal "tú".

• Formation: Use the 3rd person singular (él/ella/Ud.) of present indicative.

• Examples:

  • Come (tú) tus frutas. (Eat your fruit.)

  • Saca (tú) la basura. (Take out the trash.)

Page 20: El Condicional (Conditional)

• Use: To express would do something and for polite requests.

• Formation: Same irregular forms as el futuro, with regular forms added onto the infinitive.

• Regular Forms:

  • -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

• Examples:

  • Me dijo que estaría en la sala de emergencias. (She told me that she would be in the emergency room.)