Animal Diversity Study Guide

Animal Characteristics

• Three characteristics uniting all animals:
  • Mode of nutrition: Heterotrophic (ingest food).
  • Cell structure: No cell wall / Eukaryotes.
  • Reproduction and development: Sexual reproduction / Blastula phase.

Animal Diversity

• Four methods to group animals based on body plan:
  • Symmetry: Three types (asymmetrical, radial, bilateral).
  • Tissues.
  • Body cavities: Fluid between digestive tract and body wall.
  • Protostome vs. deuterostome development: Blastopore becomes mouth / anus.
• Difference between acoelomate, coelomate, and psuedocoelomate needs to be defined.
• Diploblastic vs. triploblastic needs examples.
• Difference between deuterostome and protostome needs to be defined with examples.

Invertebrate Diversity

• Focus on chart information:
  • Members/examples for each phylum.
  • General physical structure.
  • Evolutionary milestone that defines animals in the group.
• Example: Porifera
  • Includes sponges.
  • Asymmetrical and lack true tissues.
  • Essentially colonial protists that filter feed using flagella.
  • Milestone: Multicellularity.
• Phylogeny of invertebrates: Label derived characters.

Vertebrate Evolution

• Four major characteristics uniting chordates need listing
• Three invertebrate chordates need naming
• One vertebrate craniate without jaws needs naming
• Three functions of modified pharyngeal slits required

Vertebrate Diversity

• Focus on chart information for each phylum:
  • Members/examples.
  • Respiration method.
  • Number of heart chambers.
  • Metabolic rate.
  • Amniote status.
  • Parental care.
• Example: Mammals
  • Includes monotremes, marsupials, and true mammals.
  • Respire using lungs.
  • Four-chambered heart.
  • Endothermic.
  • Amniotes.
  • High degree of parental care.
  • Mammary glands for nursing young.