Animal Diversity Study Guide
Animal Characteristics
- Three characteristics uniting all animals:
- Mode of nutrition: Heterotrophic (ingest food).
- Cell structure: No cell wall / Eukaryotes.
- Reproduction and development: Sexual reproduction / Blastula phase.
Animal Diversity
- Four methods to group animals based on body plan:
- Symmetry: Three types (asymmetrical, radial, bilateral).
- Tissues.
- Body cavities: Fluid between digestive tract and body wall.
- Protostome vs. deuterostome development: Blastopore becomes mouth / anus.
- Difference between acoelomate, coelomate, and psuedocoelomate needs to be defined.
- Diploblastic vs. triploblastic needs examples.
- Difference between deuterostome and protostome needs to be defined with examples.
Invertebrate Diversity
- Focus on chart information:
- Members/examples for each phylum.
- General physical structure.
- Evolutionary milestone that defines animals in the group.
- Example: Porifera
- Includes sponges.
- Asymmetrical and lack true tissues.
- Essentially colonial protists that filter feed using flagella.
- Milestone: Multicellularity.
- Phylogeny of invertebrates: Label derived characters.
Vertebrate Evolution
- Four major characteristics uniting chordates need listing
- Three invertebrate chordates need naming
- One vertebrate craniate without jaws needs naming
- Three functions of modified pharyngeal slits required
Vertebrate Diversity
- Focus on chart information for each phylum:
- Members/examples.
- Respiration method.
- Number of heart chambers.
- Metabolic rate.
- Amniote status.
- Parental care.
- Example: Mammals
- Includes monotremes, marsupials, and true mammals.
- Respire using lungs.
- Four-chambered heart.
- Endothermic.
- Amniotes.
- High degree of parental care.
- Mammary glands for nursing young.
