1852 Douglass July 4

Frederick Douglass - "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"

Introduction

• Address to the audience: expresses nervousness and gratitude for the opportunity to speak.

• Remarks on the significance of the 4th of July as a celebration of national independence.

The Significance of Independence

• References to the 4th of July representing a significant time in American history (76 years old).

• Notes that the nation's youth indicates hope for future progress and change.

• Highlights the contrast between the positive connotations for the celebrants and the plight of enslaved individuals.

American History and Revolution

• Discusses the origins of American independence from British rule.

• Explains how the colonists felt oppressed and unjustly treated.

• Reflects on the courage of the founding fathers to seek independence, emphasizing that their struggle was not without risk.

The Declaration of Independence

• Identifies the Declaration of Independence as a pivotal moment in American history (the 'ring-bolt' in the chain of destiny).

• Urges the audience to adhere to the principles of justice and liberty outlined in the Declaration.

• Acknowledges the bravery and sacrifices made by the founding fathers.

Douglass’s Perspective on Slavery

• Contrasts the celebration of independence with the ongoing reality of slavery in America.

• Affirms that the 4th of July is a day of mourning for the enslaved people, asserting their pain amid the celebrations.

• Declares his own estrangement from the celebration, questioning the relevance of liberty to enslaved individuals.

The Injustice of Slavery

• Denounces the contradiction of celebrating freedom while allowing slavery to continue.

• Addresses the moral bankruptcy of American society regarding slavery.

• Describes the brutal realities of the slave trade and the treatment of enslaved individuals.

The Role of Religion and the Church

• Critiques the American church for its complicity in maintaining the institution of slavery.

• Claims that many religious leaders support slavery, tarnishing the moral integrity of the church.

• Argues that true religion should advocate for justice and compassion, rather than uphold oppression.

Call to Action

• Urges citizens to reflect critically on the nation's values and their connection to slavery.

• Advocates for an active anti-slavery movement, emphasizing the need for immediate action against injustice.

• Ends with a hopeful vision for future liberation and moral rectification in American society.

Note Sheet Summary

Frederick Douglass argues that the celebration of the 4th of July highlights the deep injustice of slavery in America, as it is a day of mourning for enslaved individuals who are denied the very freedoms being celebrated. He critiques the moral hypocrisy of a nation that prides itself on liberty while participating in the oppression of others.

1. Douglass contrasts the celebration of independence with the ongoing reality of slavery, asserting that the 4th of July is a day of mourning for the enslaved, thereby highlighting their exclusion from freedom and dignity.

2. He critiques the American church for its complicity in maintaining slavery, arguing that religious leaders' support of slavery undermines the moral integrity of true religion, which should advocate for justice.

3. Douglass denounces the moral hypocrisy of celebrating freedom while allowing the institution of slavery to persist, challenging citizens to reflect on their values and take immediate action against injustice.

HAPPY Analysis of Douglass's Speech

H - Historical Context:The speech was delivered during a period in American history when slavery was still prevalent, and the nation was grappling with issues of freedom and equality. Douglass's address highlights the stark contrast between the celebratory ideals of freedom associated with the Fourth of July and the ongoing oppression of enslaved individuals.

A - Audience:Douglass addresses a primarily white audience, urging them to confront the moral contradictions within their celebration of independence while many individuals remain enslaved.

P - Purpose:The purpose of Douglass’s speech is to highlight the sorrowful reality faced by enslaved individuals on a day meant to celebrate freedom, advocating for justice and immediate abolition of slavery.

P - Point of View:Douglass speaks from the perspective of an African American man who has experienced the injustices of slavery, emphasizing the emotional impact and moral questions surrounding the celebration of the Fourth of July.

Y - Why: Douglass's speech is historically significant as it highlights the profound moral contradictions within American society during a time when slavery was still accepted. He calls attention to the irony of celebrating freedom on the Fourth of July while millions were enslaved, positioning the day as one of mourning for those denied liberty. Douglass challenges the audience to confront these injustices, making his address a pivotal moment in the abolitionist movement and American history at large.