Bio- 2B

Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Similarities: Most structures are the same

• Differences:

  • Plant cells: Cell wall, large vacuole, plasmodesmata, chloroplasts

  • Animal cells: Centrosomes, lysosomes

Key Organelles & Their Functions

1. Nucleus – Stores DNA, controls cell activities

2. Nucleolus – Produces ribosomes

3. Ribosomes – Protein synthesis, not membrane-bound

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

   • Rough ER: Has ribosomes, helps process proteins

   • Smooth ER: No ribosomes, makes lipids & detoxifies

5. Mitochondria – Energy production (ATP), has own DNA

6. Lysosomes – Digests waste, only in animal cells

7. Golgi Apparatus – Modifies & packages proteins

8. Centrioles – Helps with cell division (mitosis/meiosis), only in animal cells

9. Cilia & Flagella – Movement of the cell or substances around it

10. Chloroplasts – Photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll (only in plant cells)

11. Large Vacuole – Stores water & nutrients, provides support (only in plant cells)

12. Cytoplasm & Cytosol – Fluid & structures inside the cell (excluding the nucleus)