Note
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Chapter 2 - Madinah Arabic book 2
Key Points:
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The word لَيْسَ
لَيْسَ - is not
لَيْسَ is used in nominal sentences
feminine form: لَيْسَتْ
In a sentence with لَيْسَ, the mubtada is called ismu laysa and the khabar is call khabaru laysa
Examples:
ليس الكتاب بجديدا → The book is not new
ليست زينب بمريضةٍ → Zaynab is not sick
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Forms of لَيْسَ
| singualar | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | لَسْتُ (lastu) | لَسْنَا (lasnā) | |
| 2nd person masc. | لَسْتَ (lasta) | لَسْتُمَا (lastumā) | لَسْتُمْ (lastum) |
| 2nd person fem. | لَسْتِ (lasti) | لَسْتُنَّ (lastunna) | |
| 3rd person masc. | لَيْسَ (laysa) | لَيْسَا (laysā) | لَيْسُوا (laysū) |
| 3rd person fem. | لَيْسَتْ (laysat) | لَيْسَتَا (laysatā) | لَسْنَ (lasna) |
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Note: بِ is added to the khabar and makes it majrur. It is not added if the khabar is a prepositional clause.
Example:
لست من اليابان → I am not from Japan
In a sentence with a prepositional clause, the ismu laysa comes after the khabaru laysa*:
ليس لي اخوة → I have no brothers
أنَّ with prepositions
If أنَّ is in the sentence, the noun stays mansub, because it is ismu inna (usually nouns following prepositions are majrur)
Example:
أنَّ لي إخوتٌ
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*this is the same as mentioned in book 1, where the mubtada comes after the khabar