Full Python Full Course for free 🐍 (2024)

Introduction to Python Programming

Overview of the Course Content

The Python programming course is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of programming using Python. Throughout the course, students will engage in 20 hands-on projects that offer practical experience in various programming concepts and techniques. This experiential learning approach ensures that students not only understand theoretical concepts but also can apply them in real-world scenarios. The final project will involve the development of a sophisticated weather application that fetches real-time weather data from an external API. Students will learn how to handle JSON data, implement user interfaces, and incorporate sensors or APIs to fetch data dynamically, allowing them to apply their knowledge in a real-world context while also gaining experience in working with live data.

Getting Started with Python

Download Python Interpreter

To begin programming in Python, users should download the Python interpreter from the official website python.org. It is essential to select the version that is compatible with your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux) and architecture (32-bit or 64-bit). Once downloaded, follow the installation instructions provided on the website to successfully install Python. This installation will include pip, Python's package installer, which is essential for managing additional libraries and packages in Python.

Install IDE

For beginners, it is recommended to install an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), with PyCharm being a popular choice due to its user-friendly interface and powerful features. PyCharm provides excellent code navigation, debugging capabilities, and integration with version control systems. During installation, ensure that all relevant components are selected, particularly the option to "Add Python to PATH" for Windows users, enabling the use of Python from the command line.

Writing Your First Python Program

Creating a New Project in PyCharm

Once PyCharm is installed, users can begin by opening the application and creating a new Python project by following the wizard prompts. This setup includes naming the project, choosing the project location on your system, and selecting the appropriate interpreter. Users will gain familiarity with the PyCharm environment, including the file explorer, code editor, and console area for executing code.

Writing a Simple Print Statement

1. Create a new Python file named main.py within your project.

2. Write the following code to display a simple message:

   print("I like pizza.")  

3. Run the program using PyCharm's execution command, which will output the message to the console. This simple exercise introduces coding syntax and provides immediate feedback through console output, increasing engagement.

Basics of Python: Variables and Data Types

Understanding Variables

Variables in Python serve as containers for storing data values. They can hold different types of information, and Python supports multiple data types including:

• Strings: Text sequences (e.g., 'Hello World'), defined with single or double quotes.

• Integers: Whole numbers (e.g., 42), which can be positive or negative, and represent discrete values.

• Floats: Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14), representing real numbers with fractional components.

• Booleans: True or False values, used in conditional statements and logical operations.

Printing Variables

To display the values of variables, users can utilize the print() function. Furthermore, Python offers f-strings for formatted output, which allows for cleaner insertion of variables into strings. F-strings, introduced in Python 3.6, provide a convenient way to embed expressions inside string literals. For example:

name = "Alice"  
print(f"Hello, {name}!")  

This technique enhances readability and maintainability of code by providing a clear way to format output.

Comments in Python

Comments are crucial for documenting code and clarifying its functionality. In Python, comments can be added using the # symbol for single-line comments, while multi-line comments can be enclosed in triple quotes (''' or """). These comments are ignored by the Python interpreter when the code is executed, making them useful for explaining complex code or retaining notes for future reference.

Type Casting in Python

Overview

Type casting refers to converting between different data types. Python provides built-in functions for this purpose to facilitate flexible data manipulation. The most commonly used functions include:

• int(): Converts to integer, truncating any decimal values.

• float(): Converts to floating-point number, allowing for decimal representation.

• str(): Converts to string, enabling data to be represented as text.

• bool(): Converts to boolean, where any non-zero number converts to True and zero converts to False.

Examples

For example, converting a string to an integer can be done as follows:

number = int("123")  

This concept is particularly relevant when processing user input, as inputs from the input() function are always received as strings, necessitating appropriate casting before calculations.

User Input in Python

Using Input() Function

To interact with users, Python provides the input() function to retrieve user input from the console. The data input is typically stored as a string, so it’s important to typecast it into the appropriate data type when necessary to ensure proper functionality.Example:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))  

This example demonstrates converting the resulting string into an integer, essential for performing arithmetic or logical operations based on the user's input.

Control Flow: Conditions and Loops

If Statements

The basic structure of an if statement is as follows:

if condition:  
    # code if true  

Python also supports elif (else if) and else statements for additional conditional checks, enhancing decision-making capabilities in code. This allows for multiple conditions to be evaluated sequentially, providing a clear pathway for program flow control.

For Loops

For loops allow iteration over sequences, such as lists, tuples, or strings, with the basic structure:

for i in range(start, end):  
    # code  

The range() function generates a sequence of numbers, from start to end-1. This structure is widely used for repeating tasks a specific number of times or iterating over collections.

While Loops

While loops continuously execute as long as a specified condition remains true. The structure is:

while condition:  
    # code  

This type of loop is effective for scenarios where the number of iterations is not predetermined, making it useful for sentinel-controlled iterations or similar tasks.

Functions in Python

Defining Functions

Functions are defined using the def keyword followed by the function name and parentheses. They can accept parameters and return values, significantly improving code organization and modularity.Example:

def greet(name):  
    return f"Hello, {name}!"  

Functions help encapsulate logic, facilitate code reuse, and enhance clarity by following a structured approach to programming.

Calling Functions

To execute a function, use its name followed by parentheses, passing any required arguments.Example:

greeting = greet("Alice")  

This will assign the returned value from the function greet to the variable greeting, which can then be printed or used in further computations.

Exception Handling in Python

Overview

In programming, exceptions are errors that may disrupt program execution. Python uses try-except blocks to handle these exceptions gracefully, allowing the program to continue functioning despite errors. Users can catch specific exceptions such as ValueError (for conversion errors) or ZeroDivisionError (for division by zero) to manage unexpected behavior effectively.Additionally, a finally block can be included to ensure that specific actions take place regardless of whether an exception was raised or not. This is useful for cleanup actions such as closing files or releasing resources.

File Handling in Python

Reading and Writing Files

Python simplifies file handling operations, allowing programmers to read data from and write data to files seamlessly. The open() function is utilized to access files, with modes indicating the intended operation:

• 'r': Read mode, for reading existing files.

• 'w': Write mode, which creates a new file or truncates an existing file.

• 'a': Append mode, which allows writing at the end of a file without deleting existing content.Errors such as FileNotFoundError should be handled to avoid program crashes during file operations. Here’s a simple example:

with open('file.txt', 'w') as f:  
    f.write('Hello, World!')  

Using with ensures that files are properly closed after their suite finishes, even if an error occurs, which is a best practice when handling files in Python.

Working with APIs in Python

Using Requests Module

Python's requests library enables HTTP requests to be made to APIs, allowing for efficient data retrieval and interactions with web services. To use the library, it must be imported at the beginning of the script. Here’s a basic example:

import requests  
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')  
data = response.json()  

This example demonstrates sending a GET request and parsing JSON data received from an API into a Python dictionary, making it accessible for further manipulation.

GUI Programming with PyQt5

Overview

The course introduces GUI programming using PyQt5, a powerful toolkit for creating desktop applications. Students will learn to set up event-driven programming paradigms, design window layouts, and create interactive components such as buttons and text fields. Participants will explore concepts like signal-slot connections to facilitate user interactions, and will practice creating dynamic UIs that respond to user input effectively. This segment focuses on building user-friendly applications, emphasizing the importance of user experience in software design.

Game Development with Python

Project Examples

Incorporating game development principles, students will work on creating simple games such as Rock-Paper-Scissors and Hangman. This module emphasizes the use of functions, lists, and randomness to design game mechanics and manage user input effectively. The project encourages creativity while reinforcing core programming skills. By creating these games, students will learn about game logic, the importance of state management, and how to debug interactive applications efficiently.

Conclusion

The course underscores the importance of continuous practice through diverse projects, encourages students to explore further learning opportunities, and motivates them to build upon the foundational concepts acquired during the course. Additionally, students will be encouraged to connect with Python communities and contribute to open-source projects, fostering a deeper understanding of programming as a collaborative and ever-evolving field.