CHAPTER2-HISTORICAL-FOUNDATION-OF-EDUCATION

Historical Foundation of Education

Education as a Social Institution

• Education is an institution created by society to maintain its functions and institutions. It plays a crucial role in preserving societal values. John Dewey emphasized the importance of schools as places where children learn to connect with their community, fostering service and self-direction.

Socialization Process

• Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participating in society. Anticipatory socialization helps prepare individuals for future roles such as spouses, parents, and teachers.

Agents of Socialization

1. Family: The primary agent of socialization, influencing self-concept; parents’ backgrounds (religion, social class, ethnicity) impact children's social roles.

2. School: Schools are critical in imparting knowledge and cultural values, having played significant roles in socialization throughout history.

Education in Primitive Society

• Primitive societies focused on survival, learning essential life skills informally from parents and elders. Key skills included tool-making, moral behavior, and language. This education was crucial for ensuring cultural continuity and community cohesiveness.

Key Periods in Educational History (7000 B.C. - A.D. 1600)

• Education mirrors societal values and priorities across different historical periods:

1. Primitive Societies (7000 B.C - 5000 B.C): Emphasis on survival skills and informal education.

2. Greek Civilization (1600 B.C - 300 B.C): In Athens, the focus was on well-rounded education, while Sparta emphasized military training.

3. Roman Education (750 B.C - A.D. 450): Highlighted civic responsibilities and practical skills through a structured curriculum.

4. Medieval Education (A.D. 500 - A.D. 1400): Developed religious knowledge with parish and cathedral schools.

5. Renaissance Education (A.D. 1350 - A.D. 1500): Focused on the rediscovery of classical knowledge.

6. Reformation Education (A.D. 1400 - A.D. 1600): Promoted literacy and religious commitment among various societal classes.

Philippine Educational System History

• The history of education in the Philippines reflects societal changes through periods like Pre-colonial, Spanish, American, Japanese occupation, and post-colonial times.

1. Pre-colonial Education: Informal, vocational training based within tribes.

2. Spanish Era Education: Organized around religious instruction with schools set up by missionaries.

3. American Regime (1898-1946): Promoted democratic ideals with free compulsory education.

4. Commonwealth Period (1935-1942): Focused on nationalism and vocational training, teaching values such as discipline.

5. Post-Colonial Period: Aimed to foster national consciousness and implemented educational laws promoting ethical education.

Modern Educational Trends

• The K to 12 program now includes kindergarten and 12 years of basic education, emphasizing skill development and pathways for students. The mission of the Department of Education (DepEd) is to provide quality education and promote lifelong learner development while instilling love for the country, community, and environment.