Robotics STEM I

Page 1: Orthographic Projection and Robot Construction

• Orthographic Projection:

  • Definition: A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object.

• Principal Views:

  • Total: Up to 6 principal views can be represented for an object.

• Challenges in Robot Construction:

  • Designing is the most difficult aspect involving complex structures and functionalities.

• Measurement Systems:

  • The U.S. uses two main systems: Metric and Imperial.

  • Principal views to be identified: Top View, Front View, Side View.

• Robot Interaction with Environment:

  • Robots interact by:

    • Sensing colors, objects, and distances using various sensors.

Page 2: Design Specifications

• Title Block Information:

  • Should include: Date, Name, Title, and Scale.

• Six Principal Views:

  • Front, Top, Back, Bottom, Left, Right.

• Construction Lines Usage:

  • For stretching an object out during the design phase.

• Advantages of Software Over Traditional Drawing:

  • Fewer mistakes, easier to alter or change designs.

• Precautions with Design Software:

  • Always save your work; ensure the software meets design requirements.

• History of Autodesk:

  • Founded in 1984 by John Walker and programmers for design software.

  • First product: AutoCAD for technical drawings; now includes software for various design needs.

Page 3: Fusion 360 Software

• Creation Company for Fusion 360:

  • Autodesk is responsible for updates and maintenance.

• Planes in Fusion 360:

  • X, Y, and Z planes are used to define objects.

• Units in Fusion 360:

  • Options include standard U.S. measurements and metric units.

• Difference Between Mesh/Surface and Solid Models:

  • Mesh models are 2D; solid models 3D.

• Cloud-Based Software:

  • Concept of convenience and ease of access to designs anywhere.

• Third Angle Projections vs. Isometric Views:

  • Third angle: Separate views of the object.

  • Isometric: Angled 3D perspective view.

Page 4: Fusion 360 Functionalities

• Document Settings Command:

  • Changes dimensions or units in software.

• New Component Purpose:

  • Creates different parts in a multi-part drawing.

• Fisheye Feature:

  • Indicates which component is currently active in the design.

• Six Principal Views Repeat:

  • Front, Top, Bottom, Back, Left, Right.

• Miterline:

  • A 45° angle line for finding other views.

Page 5: View Types and Dimensions

• Auxiliary Views Purpose:

  • To find missing angles in slanted objects.

• Parallel vs. Perpendicular Lines:

  • Parallel lines run the same distance apart; perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle.

• Foreshortening Definition:

  • Refers to a surface not being fully depicted due to the angle of projection.

• Auxiliary View Necessity:

  • Needed for accurately capturing inclined surfaces.

• Auxilliary Views Projected From Inclined Surfaces

  • By lines that are perpendicular to surfaced

• Sheet Dimensions:

  • A = 8.5 IN

  • B = 11 IN

• Surface Area Calculation:

  • Area of a rectangular surface calculated by L * W

Page 6: Mechanical Drawings and Standards

• Importance of Dimensions in Mechanical Drawings:

  • Critical for replication and accurate manufacturing.

• Knowledge Before Creating Mechanical Drawings:

  • Knowledge of dimensions and appropriate software is essential.

• Accepted Standards Importance:

  • Ensures reliable communication and information sharing across the industry.

Page 7: Robotics Applications and Technology Impact

• Current Uses of Robots:

  • Applications include cleaning, food production, military operations, and exploration.

• Future Changes in Robotics Usage:

  • Potential for household use and crime scene investigations.

• Threats and Benefits of Robotics:

  • Threats: Malfunctions, potential gaining of consciousness.

  • Benefits: Time and energy savings.

• Technology's Improvement of Existence:

  • Enhanced efficiency and convenience in daily life.

Page 8: Assembly Drawings and BOM

• Dashed Lines Indication:

  • Dashes lines indicate hidden lines in a mechanical drawing.

• Lineweight Purpose in Mechanical Drawings

  • Distinguishes one line from the next.

• Indicating different materials that make-up parts on a Mechanical Drawing?

  • Patters on a section view

  • Most common: Cast Iron … ////

• Information in Assembly Drawings:

  • Include part numbers, parts list, balloon tags, and title block.

• Bill of Materials (BOM):

  • A comprehensive parts list that includes numbers, quantities, and specifications.

• Extrusion Function in AutoCAD:

  • Transforms a 2D drawing into a 3D model by adding depth.

• Advantages of Assembly Drawings:

  • Provides organized visual representation; facilitates clarity on component lists.

• Examples Needing Assembly Drawings:

  • Car engines, machinery, and various complex devices.

• Autodesk Software for Assembly Drawings:

  • Fusion, AutoCAD, Revit.

Page 9: Bill of Materials and Drawing Scales

• Information Included in BOM

  • Item #, Quantity, Part #, Description, Material

• BOM Categories:

  • Categories include item#, description, quantity, and part#.

• Scale of Drawings:

  • An example scale: 1:2.

• Numbering in BOM:

  • Numbers listed from bottom to top for ease of adding parts.

Page 10: Electrical Current Basics

• Differences In Power:

  • AC Power = alternating current

  • DC Power = direct current

• In order for electricity to flow, what does it need?

  • A path to follow

• Electricity Definition:

  • Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge by moving electrons

Page 11: Circuit Analysis Concepts

• Diodes VS Resistors

  • Diodes allow electricity to flow in one direction

  • Resistors reduce the amount of current flow

• Capacitor Function:

  • Stores electrical charge between panels

• Electric Circuit Definition:

  • A closed loop that carries electricity.

• Current Explanation:

  • The flow of electrons within a circuit.

• Voltage Description:

  • The push that drives the flow of current; voltage is essential for current to flow.

• Units for Current:

  • Measured in Amperes (A).

Page 12: Voltage and Resistance Analysis

• Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):

  • The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum exiting.

• Voltage Law (KVL):

  • The sum of voltages around a closed loop equals zero.

• Closed Loop Definition:

  • A complete path in a circuit starting and ending at the same point.

Page 13: Resistors and Circuit Types

• Series vs. Parallel Circuits:

  • Series circuits have a single path for current; parallel circuits have multiple paths.

• Identifying Total Resistance:

  • Total resistance calculated using specific formulas for series and parallel circuits.

Page 14: Applications of LEDs in Circuits

• Uses of LEDs:

  • LEDs indicate circuit status, whether active or not.

• Function of Shift Registers:

  • Store and reroute current.

Page 15: Potentiometer Functions

• Potentiometer Definition:

  • A device that varies resistance.

• Determining Resistance:

  • Use color codes for deciphering resistor values.

• Temperature Measurement:

  • Refers to molecular activity, measured with thermometers.

Page 16: Design Process and Components Comparison

• Engineering Design Process Steps:

  • Define, identify, brainstorm, select, prototype, test, iterate, and communicate.

• Troubleshooting Circuit Issues:

  • Common issues include connection problems, hardware malfunctions, and incorrect polarity.

Page 18: Electrical Components and Laws

• Kirchhoff's Laws in Circuits:

  • Illustrate principles of current and voltage within electrical networks.

• Component Functions:

  • Transistors amplify or switch current, diodes allow current in one direction, resistors limit current flow, and inductors store energy magnetically.

Page 19: Comparison of Drill Types

• Counterbore vs. Countersink:

  • Counterbore creates a flat hole for bolt heads; countersink creates a conical hole for screw heads.