Robotics STEM I

Orthographic Projection:
- Definition: A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object.
Principal Views:
- Total: Up to 6 principal views can be represented for an object.
Challenges in Robot Construction:
- Designing is the most difficult aspect involving complex structures and functionalities.
Measurement Systems:
- The U.S. uses two main systems: Metric and Imperial.
- Principal views to be identified: Top View, Front View, Side View.
Robot Interaction with Environment:
- Robots interact by:
  - Sensing colors, objects, and distances using various sensors.

Title Block Information:
- Should include: Date, Name, Title, and Scale.
Six Principal Views:
- Front, Top, Back, Bottom, Left, Right.
Construction Lines Usage:
- For stretching an object out during the design phase.
Advantages of Software Over Traditional Drawing:
- Fewer mistakes, easier to alter or change designs.
Precautions with Design Software:
- Always save your work; ensure the software meets design requirements.
History of Autodesk:
- Founded in 1984 by John Walker and programmers for design software.
- First product: AutoCAD for technical drawings; now includes software for various design needs.

Creation Company for Fusion 360:
- Autodesk is responsible for updates and maintenance.
Planes in Fusion 360:
- X, Y, and Z planes are used to define objects.
Units in Fusion 360:
- Options include standard U.S. measurements and metric units.
Difference Between Mesh/Surface and Solid Models:
- Mesh models are 2D; solid models 3D.
Cloud-Based Software:
- Concept of convenience and ease of access to designs anywhere.
Third Angle Projections vs. Isometric Views:
- Third angle: Separate views of the object.
- Isometric: Angled 3D perspective view.

Document Settings Command:
- Changes dimensions or units in software.
New Component Purpose:
- Creates different parts in a multi-part drawing.
Fisheye Feature:
- Indicates which component is currently active in the design.
Six Principal Views Repeat:
- Front, Top, Bottom, Back, Left, Right.
Miterline:
- A 45° angle line for finding other views.

Auxiliary Views Purpose:
- To find missing angles in slanted objects.
Parallel vs. Perpendicular Lines:
- Parallel lines run the same distance apart; perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle.
Foreshortening Definition:
- Refers to a surface not being fully depicted due to the angle of projection.
Auxiliary View Necessity:
- Needed for accurately capturing inclined surfaces.
Auxilliary Views Projected From Inclined Surfaces
- By lines that are perpendicular to surfaced
Sheet Dimensions:
- A = 8.5 IN
- B = 11 IN
Surface Area Calculation:
- Area of a rectangular surface calculated by L * W

Importance of Dimensions in Mechanical Drawings:
- Critical for replication and accurate manufacturing.
Knowledge Before Creating Mechanical Drawings:
- Knowledge of dimensions and appropriate software is essential.
Accepted Standards Importance:
- Ensures reliable communication and information sharing across the industry.

Current Uses of Robots:
- Applications include cleaning, food production, military operations, and exploration.
Future Changes in Robotics Usage:
- Potential for household use and crime scene investigations.
Threats and Benefits of Robotics:
- Threats: Malfunctions, potential gaining of consciousness.
- Benefits: Time and energy savings.
Technology's Improvement of Existence:
- Enhanced efficiency and convenience in daily life.

Dashed Lines Indication:
- Dashes lines indicate hidden lines in a mechanical drawing.
Lineweight Purpose in Mechanical Drawings
- Distinguishes one line from the next.
Indicating different materials that make-up parts on a Mechanical Drawing?
- Patters on a section view
- Most common: Cast Iron … ////
Information in Assembly Drawings:
- Include part numbers, parts list, balloon tags, and title block.
Bill of Materials (BOM):
- A comprehensive parts list that includes numbers, quantities, and specifications.
Extrusion Function in AutoCAD:
- Transforms a 2D drawing into a 3D model by adding depth.
Advantages of Assembly Drawings:
- Provides organized visual representation; facilitates clarity on component lists.
Examples Needing Assembly Drawings:
- Car engines, machinery, and various complex devices.
Autodesk Software for Assembly Drawings:
- Fusion, AutoCAD, Revit.

Information Included in BOM
- Item #, Quantity, Part #, Description, Material
BOM Categories:
- Categories include item#, description, quantity, and part#.
Scale of Drawings:
- An example scale: 1:2.
Numbering in BOM:
- Numbers listed from bottom to top for ease of adding parts.

Differences In Power:
- AC Power = alternating current
- DC Power = direct current
In order for electricity to flow, what does it need?
- A path to follow
Electricity Definition:
- Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge by moving electrons

Diodes VS Resistors
- Diodes allow electricity to flow in one direction
- Resistors reduce the amount of current flow
Capacitor Function:
- Stores electrical charge between panels
Electric Circuit Definition:
- A closed loop that carries electricity.
Current Explanation:
- The flow of electrons within a circuit.
Voltage Description:
- The push that drives the flow of current; voltage is essential for current to flow.
Units for Current:
- Measured in Amperes (A).

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):
- The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum exiting.
Voltage Law (KVL):
- The sum of voltages around a closed loop equals zero.
Closed Loop Definition:
- A complete path in a circuit starting and ending at the same point.

Series vs. Parallel Circuits:
- Series circuits have a single path for current; parallel circuits have multiple paths.
Identifying Total Resistance:
- Total resistance calculated using specific formulas for series and parallel circuits.

Potentiometer Definition:
- A device that varies resistance.
Determining Resistance:
- Use color codes for deciphering resistor values.
Temperature Measurement:
- Refers to molecular activity, measured with thermometers.

Engineering Design Process Steps:
- Define, identify, brainstorm, select, prototype, test, iterate, and communicate.
Troubleshooting Circuit Issues:
- Common issues include connection problems, hardware malfunctions, and incorrect polarity.

Kirchhoff's Laws in Circuits:
- Illustrate principles of current and voltage within electrical networks.
Component Functions:
- Transistors amplify or switch current, diodes allow current in one direction, resistors limit current flow, and inductors store energy magnetically.

Counterbore vs. Countersink:
- Counterbore creates a flat hole for bolt heads; countersink creates a conical hole for screw heads.