swimming
SWIMMING • Swimming is an aquatic game played individually or by a team of four for relays either on a 25-meter pool or 50-meter pool separated by lane ropes. • The objective of the game is to complete the required distance to finish the course by touching the wall. The basic movements involved in swimming include bubbling, floating, kicking, threading, gliding, pulling, and diving. • These skills will be transferred and developed into the following sports-specific skills: breath holding, floating, kicking, pulling of arms, streamlining, and diving. • Improvement in this fitness can be achieved through active participation in these activities. • These fitness components include agility, balance, coordination, and speed. • participant must be fit enough to take on more challenging activities and be physically literate as well. • choose to pursue swimming as a preferred sport. Competition, and recovery swim can help this an emerging athlete achieve the desired movements. • Sports can form the youth in an integral way by fostering ideals. Character formation can therefore be made. • Explicit in and through sports by developing both life skills and Filipino values, which include, respect (paggalang), friendship (pagkakaibigan), fair play (patas na paglalaro), tolerance (pagbibigayan), striving for one’s best (pagsusumikap para sa ikahuhusay) and excellence (kagalingan). Short history of swimming • Swimming can be dated back to the Stone Age, but did not truly become an organized sport until the early 19th century. • Prehistoric man learned to swim in order to cross rivers and lakes evidenced by cave paintings from the stone age. • Depicting swimmers found in Egypt. Swimming was also referred to in Greek mythology. • Swimming was not widely practiced until the early 19th century, when the National Swimming Society of Great Britain began to hold competitions. • In year 1900s Americans introduced swimming's as sports here in our country. 4 STROKES OF SWIMMING • FREESTYLE/ FRONT CRAWL • BREASTSTROKE • BACKSTROKE • BUTTERFLY Teofilo E. Yldefonso – the first Filipino swimmer who won bronze in 200 meters breaststroke in Summer Olympics in year 1928 and 1932 and placed 7th in the 1936 summer Olympics. ERIC BUHAIN – is the first Filipino swimmer who won gold medal in the 400 meters Individual Medley at Southeast Asian Games (SEAGAMES) held in Bangkok Thailand (1985-1993). Also he participated in 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. The Philippine Swimming Incorporated (PSI) is the national governing body for swimming and other aquatic sports in the Philippines. It is accredited by the International Swimming Federation (Federation Internationale de Natation or FINA) which is the governing body for the sport of Swimming in the world, and the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC). Under new leadership, the federation continued their programs on their promotion of the sport, including the sending of the national teams in international swimming competitions such as Southeast Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Age Group Swimming Championships, as well as organizing local meets like the Speedo G League Long and Short Course series.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Size Pool Length = 50 meters (164.0 ft) Width = 25.0 meters (82.0 ft) Depth = A minimum depth of 1.35 meters, extending from 1.0 meter to at least 6.0 meters from the end wall is required for pools with starting blocks. A minimum depth of meter is required elsewhere. Volume of water = 2,500,000 L (550,000 galloon) LANES - 10 lanes at least 2.5 meters wide, with two spaces of at least 0.2 meter outside of the first and last lanes. LANE ROPES - Each lane rope will consist of floats placed end-to-end having a minimum diameter of 0.10 meter to a maximum of 0.15 meter. In a swimming pool the color of the lane ropes should be as follows: Two (2) GREEN ropes for lanes 1 and 8 Four (4) BLUE ropes for lanes 2, 3, 6 and 7 Three (3)YELLOW ropes for lanes 4 and 5 The floats extending for a distance of 5.0 meters from each end of the pool shall be of RED color. At the 15-meter mark from each end wall of the pool, the floats shall be distinct in color from the surrounding floats. STARTING PLATFORMS - The height of the platform above the water surface shall be from 0.5 meter to 0.75 meter. The surface area shall be at least 0.5 meter x 0.5 meter and covered with a non-slip material. Maximum slope shall not be more than 10 degrees. BACKSTROKE TURN INDICATORS - Flagged ropes shall be suspended across the pool, 1.8 meters above the water surface, from fixed standards placed 5 meters from each end wall. Distinctive marks must be placed on both sides of the pool, and where possible on each lane rope, 15 meters from each end wall. FALSE START ROPE = Suspended across the pool not less than 1.2 meters above the water level from fixed standards placed 15 meters in front of the starting end. LANE MARKINGS = Shall be of a dark contrasting color, placed on the floor of the pool in the center of each lane. Width: minimum 2 meter, maximum 3 meter. Length: 46 meters for 50 meter long pools; 21 meters for 25 meter long pools. • Swimming Head Cap • Swimming Goggles • Swimming paddles and pull buoy • Swimming Fins and Kick board • Swimming suit for men and women OFFICIALS’ JOB DESCRIPTIONS
Meet Manager - The Meet Manager is responsible for planning and organizing every aspect of the meet, and making sure it runs without a hitch. From registering the meet with Swim months in advance, through inviting coaches from other clubs to register, handling the torrent of entry information as it comes in, right through to making sure the awards are prepared and distributed properly, this job requires someone with awesome patience, perseverance and attention to detail if the meet is to be a success.
Referees - The referee has the overall authority and responsibility for seeing that the competition complies with all of the appropriate rules and regulations. The referee resolves all questions related to the conduct of the swim meet and reviews any disqualifications. To train as a referee, an individual must first have been certified as a starter for a minimum of one year, and must be recommended for advancement by the regional officials chairperson.
Clerk of Course - The clerk of course greatly contributes to a well-run meet. The clerk of course checks swimmers into the meet, “scratches” swimmers that are absent or do not intend to swim an event, and seeds swimmers according to their entry times. The clerk of course may also shepherd swimmers from a staging area to the starting blocks.
Marshall - Safety is an important concern at swim meets, and the marshal is assigned the important responsibility of maintaining a safe swim environment. This may include supervision of warm-ups, crowd control on deck, and supervising the behavior of swimmers in and out of the pool.
STARTER - The starter ensures that all swimmers receive a fair and equitable start. The starter works closely with the referee, and assumes responsibility for the start at the referee’s signal. The starter steps the swimmers onto the starting blocks or into the water, directs the swimmers to “take their mark”, and in conjunction with the referee, determines when a false start has occurred. The starter is also responsible for making sure that the starting equipment is in working order prior to the start of a session, and may instruct the timers in their duties.
Lane timers - are responsible for starting their watches at the Starter’s signal, and stopping their watches or activating their buttons when any part of the swimmer’s body touches the wall at the finish. The watch time is then recorded and used to determine the race results. Timer’s meetings are held just before the start of a session in order to explain the duties of the timer, and answer any questions.
Chief Timer - The chief timer assures that all lanes have timers, working stop watches and buttons, clipboards, pencils, and timing cards or sheets. The chief timer starts two watches on every race, and delivers a working watch to timers when their own watches fail. The chief timer may also be asked to help train the lane timers at the beginning of a session.
Stroke & Turn Judges - The stroke judge walks along the side of the pool, typically between the backstroke flags, and observes the swimmers on his half of the pool. The stroke judge ensures compliance with the rules pertaining to the mechanics of the swim such as the arm stroke and kick. The turn judge observes the swimmers from either the start/finish end or turn end of the pool. The turn judge is responsible for judging the starts, finishes, and turns during each race. The stroke judge and turn positions frequently are combined into one position called stroke and turn judge.
Recorder - The swimmers’ times are entered from their timing results cards into a computer running Hy-Tek Meet Manager software, where they are matched to the individual swimmer’s name. The recorder is responsible for bringing all this information together, for posting the results of races, and for printing labels for the awards. Training involves attending a clinic, followed by an apprenticeship.
Runners - are responsible for collecting the results cards from the timers at the end of each heat, and delivering them to the Place Judges. They may also be called upon to deliver results cards to the Recorder Scorers in the computer room.
Announcer - The public address announcer can be the most important person at a swim meet. He or she is in charge and controls the pace of the meet and is the one who can make a swim meet exciting or boring.
Finish Judge – in the end of the pool, double checks if the player have arrived the finish line.
SWIMMING • Swimming is an aquatic game played individually or by a team of four for relays either on a 25-meter pool or 50-meter pool separated by lane ropes. • The objective of the game is to complete the required distance to finish the course by touching the wall. The basic movements involved in swimming include bubbling, floating, kicking, threading, gliding, pulling, and diving. • These skills will be transferred and developed into the following sports-specific skills: breath holding, floating, kicking, pulling of arms, streamlining, and diving. • Improvement in this fitness can be achieved through active participation in these activities. • These fitness components include agility, balance, coordination, and speed. • participant must be fit enough to take on more challenging activities and be physically literate as well. • choose to pursue swimming as a preferred sport. Competition, and recovery swim can help this an emerging athlete achieve the desired movements. • Sports can form the youth in an integral way by fostering ideals. Character formation can therefore be made. • Explicit in and through sports by developing both life skills and Filipino values, which include, respect (paggalang), friendship (pagkakaibigan), fair play (patas na paglalaro), tolerance (pagbibigayan), striving for one’s best (pagsusumikap para sa ikahuhusay) and excellence (kagalingan). Short history of swimming • Swimming can be dated back to the Stone Age, but did not truly become an organized sport until the early 19th century. • Prehistoric man learned to swim in order to cross rivers and lakes evidenced by cave paintings from the stone age. • Depicting swimmers found in Egypt. Swimming was also referred to in Greek mythology. • Swimming was not widely practiced until the early 19th century, when the National Swimming Society of Great Britain began to hold competitions. • In year 1900s Americans introduced swimming's as sports here in our country. 4 STROKES OF SWIMMING • FREESTYLE/ FRONT CRAWL • BREASTSTROKE • BACKSTROKE • BUTTERFLY Teofilo E. Yldefonso – the first Filipino swimmer who won bronze in 200 meters breaststroke in Summer Olympics in year 1928 and 1932 and placed 7th in the 1936 summer Olympics. ERIC BUHAIN – is the first Filipino swimmer who won gold medal in the 400 meters Individual Medley at Southeast Asian Games (SEAGAMES) held in Bangkok Thailand (1985-1993). Also he participated in 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. The Philippine Swimming Incorporated (PSI) is the national governing body for swimming and other aquatic sports in the Philippines. It is accredited by the International Swimming Federation (Federation Internationale de Natation or FINA) which is the governing body for the sport of Swimming in the world, and the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC). Under new leadership, the federation continued their programs on their promotion of the sport, including the sending of the national teams in international swimming competitions such as Southeast Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Age Group Swimming Championships, as well as organizing local meets like the Speedo G League Long and Short Course series.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Size Pool Length = 50 meters (164.0 ft) Width = 25.0 meters (82.0 ft) Depth = A minimum depth of 1.35 meters, extending from 1.0 meter to at least 6.0 meters from the end wall is required for pools with starting blocks. A minimum depth of meter is required elsewhere. Volume of water = 2,500,000 L (550,000 galloon) LANES - 10 lanes at least 2.5 meters wide, with two spaces of at least 0.2 meter outside of the first and last lanes. LANE ROPES - Each lane rope will consist of floats placed end-to-end having a minimum diameter of 0.10 meter to a maximum of 0.15 meter. In a swimming pool the color of the lane ropes should be as follows: Two (2) GREEN ropes for lanes 1 and 8 Four (4) BLUE ropes for lanes 2, 3, 6 and 7 Three (3)YELLOW ropes for lanes 4 and 5 The floats extending for a distance of 5.0 meters from each end of the pool shall be of RED color. At the 15-meter mark from each end wall of the pool, the floats shall be distinct in color from the surrounding floats. STARTING PLATFORMS - The height of the platform above the water surface shall be from 0.5 meter to 0.75 meter. The surface area shall be at least 0.5 meter x 0.5 meter and covered with a non-slip material. Maximum slope shall not be more than 10 degrees. BACKSTROKE TURN INDICATORS - Flagged ropes shall be suspended across the pool, 1.8 meters above the water surface, from fixed standards placed 5 meters from each end wall. Distinctive marks must be placed on both sides of the pool, and where possible on each lane rope, 15 meters from each end wall. FALSE START ROPE = Suspended across the pool not less than 1.2 meters above the water level from fixed standards placed 15 meters in front of the starting end. LANE MARKINGS = Shall be of a dark contrasting color, placed on the floor of the pool in the center of each lane. Width: minimum 2 meter, maximum 3 meter. Length: 46 meters for 50 meter long pools; 21 meters for 25 meter long pools. • Swimming Head Cap • Swimming Goggles • Swimming paddles and pull buoy • Swimming Fins and Kick board • Swimming suit for men and women OFFICIALS’ JOB DESCRIPTIONS
Meet Manager - The Meet Manager is responsible for planning and organizing every aspect of the meet, and making sure it runs without a hitch. From registering the meet with Swim months in advance, through inviting coaches from other clubs to register, handling the torrent of entry information as it comes in, right through to making sure the awards are prepared and distributed properly, this job requires someone with awesome patience, perseverance and attention to detail if the meet is to be a success.
Referees - The referee has the overall authority and responsibility for seeing that the competition complies with all of the appropriate rules and regulations. The referee resolves all questions related to the conduct of the swim meet and reviews any disqualifications. To train as a referee, an individual must first have been certified as a starter for a minimum of one year, and must be recommended for advancement by the regional officials chairperson.
Clerk of Course - The clerk of course greatly contributes to a well-run meet. The clerk of course checks swimmers into the meet, “scratches” swimmers that are absent or do not intend to swim an event, and seeds swimmers according to their entry times. The clerk of course may also shepherd swimmers from a staging area to the starting blocks.
Marshall - Safety is an important concern at swim meets, and the marshal is assigned the important responsibility of maintaining a safe swim environment. This may include supervision of warm-ups, crowd control on deck, and supervising the behavior of swimmers in and out of the pool.
STARTER - The starter ensures that all swimmers receive a fair and equitable start. The starter works closely with the referee, and assumes responsibility for the start at the referee’s signal. The starter steps the swimmers onto the starting blocks or into the water, directs the swimmers to “take their mark”, and in conjunction with the referee, determines when a false start has occurred. The starter is also responsible for making sure that the starting equipment is in working order prior to the start of a session, and may instruct the timers in their duties.
Lane timers - are responsible for starting their watches at the Starter’s signal, and stopping their watches or activating their buttons when any part of the swimmer’s body touches the wall at the finish. The watch time is then recorded and used to determine the race results. Timer’s meetings are held just before the start of a session in order to explain the duties of the timer, and answer any questions.
Chief Timer - The chief timer assures that all lanes have timers, working stop watches and buttons, clipboards, pencils, and timing cards or sheets. The chief timer starts two watches on every race, and delivers a working watch to timers when their own watches fail. The chief timer may also be asked to help train the lane timers at the beginning of a session.
Stroke & Turn Judges - The stroke judge walks along the side of the pool, typically between the backstroke flags, and observes the swimmers on his half of the pool. The stroke judge ensures compliance with the rules pertaining to the mechanics of the swim such as the arm stroke and kick. The turn judge observes the swimmers from either the start/finish end or turn end of the pool. The turn judge is responsible for judging the starts, finishes, and turns during each race. The stroke judge and turn positions frequently are combined into one position called stroke and turn judge.
Recorder - The swimmers’ times are entered from their timing results cards into a computer running Hy-Tek Meet Manager software, where they are matched to the individual swimmer’s name. The recorder is responsible for bringing all this information together, for posting the results of races, and for printing labels for the awards. Training involves attending a clinic, followed by an apprenticeship.
Runners - are responsible for collecting the results cards from the timers at the end of each heat, and delivering them to the Place Judges. They may also be called upon to deliver results cards to the Recorder Scorers in the computer room.
Announcer - The public address announcer can be the most important person at a swim meet. He or she is in charge and controls the pace of the meet and is the one who can make a swim meet exciting or boring.
Finish Judge – in the end of the pool, double checks if the player have arrived the finish line.
