Sustainable Tourism Chapter 6 - 8

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

TOURISM IMPACT ASSESSMENT

CHAPETER 1

TOURISM IMPACT ASSESSMENT (TIA)

• Tourism impact assessment is crucial for sustainability and environmental evaluation, enabling planners and developers to predict and mitigate potential negative consequences of tourism activities in natural protected areas

TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE APROACH (PEOPLE, PLANET, PROFIT)

• considers the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism, integrating sustainability into planning and accounting for both financial and social results.

TOURISM CARRYING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT (TCCA)

• is used to identify and implement limits to the number of visitors to specific destinations or attractions

1. Physical CC - determines the level of physical impacts that are acceptable at a destination

2. Perceptual CC - looks at the situation from the tourists' point of view. Social or Sociocultural CC-focuses on social and cultural changes.

3. Social or Cultural CC - focuses on social and cultural changes.

4. Economic CC - the destination's possibility to cater for demand without crowding out other local economic activities.

5. Political or Administrative CC - concerned with how the local, political, and administrative bodies can cope with tourism

EUROPEAN TOURISM INDICATOR SYSTEM

• The European Tourism Indicator System is an assessment tool for monitoring, managing, and enhancing tourism destination sustainability. The System is comprised of a set of indicators, a toolkit, and a dataset.

-CORE INDICATORS-

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

• Sustainable tourism management in tourism enterprise

• Customer satisfaction

• Information and communication

ECONOMIC VALUE

• Tourism enterprise performance

• Quantity and quality of employment

• Tourism flow at destination

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACT

• Community/social impact

• Equality/accessibility

• Protecting and enhancing cultural heritage local identity and assets

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

• Climate change

• Reducing transport impact

• Solid waste management

• Water management

• Sewage treatment

• Light and noise management

• Landscape and biodiversity

• Energy usage

• Bathing water quality

SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH

• examines the impact of tourism on communities, focusing on its contribution to building capabilities, assets, and activities.

PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

• a process that involves predicting and evaluating the impacts of the project including cumulative impacts on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment

OTHER IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

• Site protection

• Stress use intensity

• Social impact

• Development control

• Waste management

• Planning process

• Critical ecosystem

• Consumer satisfaction

• Local satisfaction

ECONOMIC INDICATORS

• Tourism revenue

• Taxes from tourism

• Average tourist expenditure

• Occupancy rates of hotels and resorts

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

• Tourism Infrastructure to manage and minimize solid and liquid waste revenue

• Park fees used to manage habitat and species

• Amount of fossil fuel used

• consumption of natural resources

SOCIO-CULTURAL INDICATORS

• Decent livelihood opportunities; number of locals selling products to tourists or supplying stores

• Poverty incidence in tourist areas

• Extent of local linkages

• Number of private tourism businesses employing local people

INSTITUTIONAL INDICATOR

• Number of sites with sustainable tourism master plans

• Presence of land use and zoning plans

• Presence of inter-agency coordination and cooperation

• Presence of tourism master plans which incorporate sustainable principle

INDICATORS (4)

• Economic indicators

• Environmental indicators

• Socio cultural indicators

• Institutional indicators

ECONOMIC VIABILIT

• Viability hinges partly on whether or not the tourist facilities that are provided are able to satisfy the needs, preferences, and expectations of targeted tourist segments.

ASSESSING JOBS IN TOURISM

• the indirect and indirect number of tourism- related jobs, there should also be an assessment of the quality of such jobs.

GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS

CHAPTER 7

ENVORONMENTAL, EVALUATION, AND MONITORING

• The execution of an EIA prior to the building of tourism facilities is a component of efforts to promote sustainable tourism.

VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES AND CERTIFICATIONS

• Another aspect of sustainable tourism practices is support for voluntary initiatives for sustaible tourism, which cover ecolabels and certification

GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COUNCIL (GSTC)

• Standard aim to increase sustainable tourism knowledge and practices among public and private stakeholders.

PATA GREEN LEAF PROGRAM/APEC-PATA

• Code for Sustainable Tourism which started certifying in 1995, is an ecolabel for all types of tourism companies.

GREEN GLOBE

• Businesses have to be re-assessed and re-certified yearly, as additional requirements must be met.

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL EXPLOITION IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM

• initiated in 1998 by ECPAT Sweden and further developed starting 1999 by other ECPAT organizations.

ISO 14001 (INTERNATIONALORGANIZATI ON FOR STANDARDIZATION)

• made up of about 20 documents related in EMS and environmental management tools.

ENERGY STAR

• the us environmental protection agency (EPA) developed the energy star label to cut down on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.

GREEN SEAL

• a recognized brand for hotels as well us for more than 40 product categories and services.

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

• this offers third-party certification for an integrated assessment of energy and water conservation co2 emissions indoor environmental quality, and resource protection

ECOROOMS AND ECOSUITES

• THE INDUSTRY'S STRICTEST: certification scheme is offered by Eco rooms and ecosuites, the only certification program that demands complete adherence to all eight of its requirements, including smoke-free guest rooms

TOURISM AWARD AND CREDITION

• Singapore Tourism Board’s Singapore Gold Circle Quality Programme (GCQP) accreditation scheme sets benchmarks for fair trade practices, quality of service and management, facilities and equipment, product development industry support and documentation.

RESPONSIBLE TOURISM BY THE INDUSTRY

• Protecting the environment, natural resources, and wildlife. Providing socio-economic benefits for communities who live in tourist destinations. The goals of sustainable development are Creating awareness programs that help people understand the many contributions of the tourism industry.

FAIR TRADE PRACTICES

• To implement responsible tourism, an enterprise should conduct a survey of the current quantity and variety of locally made craft products being sold to tourists.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

• Tourism establishments should complement, rather than supplant traditional rural livelihoods such as fishing and farming.

ELECTRICITY

• using locally produced materials to reduce transportation energy requirements renewable energy systems such as solar, water, heaters.

REFRIGERATION

• use energy-efficient rated fridge and freezer which are the smallest size appropriate for your needs.

COOKING

• These include using natural gas for cooking and even microwaving for smaller dishes.

OFFICES

• Reducing workplace carbon footprint can be achieved by turning off office equipment when not in use.

DISHWASHING

• Investing in low-water and energy-use dishwashers and running them only when full is wise for hotels and restaurants.

LAUNDRY

• While cold water is suitable if an enzymatic detergent is used, warm washing is claimed to be more effective than hot washing.

LIGHTING

• In any tourist lodging. turning off lights when not in use is advisable.

TRANSPORT

• Encouraging individuals to use eco-friendly modes of transportation for leisure is a simple way to reduce carbon footprint.

VISITOR MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 8

VISITOR MANAGEMENT

• This includes ensuring safety for tourists and others, enhancing their overall satisfaction, providing opportunities for learning and appreciation, safeguarding properties and areas, maintaining cleanliness standards, conserving energy, and preserving the natural traits of wildlife.

CARRIYING CAPACITY

• Setting capacity limits involves a vision about local development and what tourism ought to be

• Tourism capacity definition, assessment and implementation should complement overall tourism development planning process

RECREATION OPPORTUNITY SPECTRUM

• Recreation opportunity setting is defined as “the combination of physical, biological, social, and managerial conditions that give value to a place.

SITE MANAGE TECHNIQUES

• Facility design

• Use of vegetation barrier

• Site hardening

• Closure of facilities Rationing allocation

MONITORING IMPACTS

• is to determine whether a problem a developing or whether desired standards are being complied.

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO MONITORING TOURISM IMPACT

• determine the audiences for monitoring information

• determine the information needed based on project objectives

• design a monitoring strategy for each information needed

• apply and modify the indicators as needed

• develop one or more indicators for each information needed

DETERMINANTS OF TOURIST BEHAVIOR

• New locations attract new tourist activities which produce cumulative impacts.

TOURISM AND VISITOR MANAGEMENT TOOLS

• regulatory and planning tools

• law enforcement

• marketing and communication

• use of technologies

• education and interpretation

SITE DESIGN AND SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

• build collaboration among stakeholders

USE OF TECHNOLOGIES

• A major area of technology application is facility design which increasingly incorporates eco-friendly and sustainability concepts.

EDUCATION AND INTERPRETATION

• Programmers facilitate the appreciation of nature and unique cultures and help develop positive attitudes towards conservation.