12CPC Information Representation

Base Number of different digits in a system.

Place Value Specific value of a digit based on position.

Denary Base 10 number system.

Binary Systems Base 2 number system using 0 and 1.

Bits Binary digits representing data.

Binary Representation All data and characters represented in binary.

Binary Prefix Prefix indicating binary factor values.

Denary Prefix Prefix indicating decimal factor values.

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) 4-bit representation for each denary digit.

Nibble Group of 4 bits in binary.

Two's Complement Method for representing negative binary numbers.

Most Significant Bit (MSB) Leftmost bit indicating sign in binary.

Hexadecimal Systems Base 16 number system using 0-9 and A-F.

Character Set Collection of characters with binary representations.

Character Encoding Mapping characters to binary values.

ASCII 7-bit encoding for English characters.

Extended ASCII 8-bit encoding including European languages.

Unicode Encoding for global languages using 2 or 4 bytes.

Bitmap Images Images created by assigning colors to pixels.

Image Resolution Number of pixels in an image.

Screen Resolution Pixels visible on a device's screen.

Colour Depth Bits used to represent a pixel's color.

File Size Calculation File size based on pixels and color depth.

Vector Graphics Graphics made of mathematically defined objects.

Drawing Objects Shapes defined mathematically in vector graphics.

Scalability Ability to resize without quality loss.

Analogue Data Continuous electrical signals representing information.

Digital Data Discrete electrical signals representing information.

Sound Signals Vibrations through a medium, inherently analogue.

Sampling Rate Number of samples taken per time unit.

Sampling Resolution Bits used to encode each sound sample.

Bit Rate Bits used to store one second of sound.

Compression Process of reducing file size without quality loss.

Lossless Compression Compression allowing perfect reconstruction of data.

Run-Length Encoding (RLE) Lossless compression encoding identical sequences.

Lossy Compression Compression that irreversibly eliminates unnecessary data.

Perceptual Coding Removes inaudible parts in sound file compression.

Maximum Positive Number (8 bits) 127, highest value in 8-bit binary.

Maximum Negative Number (8 bits) -128, lowest value in 8-bit binary.

Hexadecimal Example A5 in denary equals 165.

File Header Metadata in bitmap images including size.

Image Size Total number of pixels in an image.

Binary to Denary Conversion Process of converting binary numbers to decimal.

Denary to Binary Conversion Process of converting decimal numbers to binary.