Exam 1 study

Page 1: Exam 1 Review Concepts

Overview

• General listing of concepts and objectives tested in the exam.

Chapter 1: Atoms and Molecules

• Atoms vs. Molecules: Differentiate between the two.

• Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures: Understand their atomic make-up.

  • Elements: Pure substances that cannot be broken down.

  • Compounds: Substances formed from two or more elements.

  • Mixtures: Physical combinations of substances.

• Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Matter: Distinguish the types based on composition.

• Physical vs. Chemical Change: Differentiate changes in matter.

• Conservation of Matter/Mass: State and apply the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Chapter 2: Measurement and Units

• Precision and Accuracy: Provide an example.

• Uncertainty: Determine the uncertainty in measurements.

• Scientific Notation: Rules for writing and converting numbers.

  • Less than 1: Format properly in scientific notation.

  • Greater than 1: Adjust to scientific notation.

  • Convert between decimal and scientific notation.

  • Perform mathematical operations using scientific notation.

• Significant Figures: Distinguish between measured and exact numbers.

  • Understand and apply significant figures in calculations.

  • Learn rounding rules and proper usage in multiplication and division.

• Metric Units: Familiarize with base units (gram, liter, meter, second) and prefixes (Tera-, giga-, etc.).

• Inter-conversion of Metric Units: Practice dimensional analysis for unit conversions.

• Metric to English Conversion: Use dimensional analysis for conversions based on given factors.

Page 2: Concepts and Calculations

Problem-Solving Strategies

• Use the “given/find/use” approach for multi-step conversions.

Density

• Density as a Conversion Factor: Use in calculations.

  • Calculate mass from density and volume.

  • Calculate volume from density and mass.

Energy Concepts

• Definition of Energy: Understand the basic concept.

• Kinetic vs. Potential Energy: Differentiate between the two types.

• Law of Conservation of Energy: Grasp the principle and conversion between joules and kilojoules.

Thermodynamics

• Endothermic vs. Exothermic Processes: Distinction between energy exchanges.

• Temperature vs. Heat: Characteristics and differences.

• Temperature Conversion: Convert between Celsius and Kelvin.

• Heat Capacity: Differentiate between heat and specific heat.

Energy and Heat Calculations

• Understand terms in the equation: q = mcΔT (where q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change).

• Able to calculate one of the factors based on the equation.

• Given data, calculate specific heat, mass, or temperature change.

Page 3: Memorization and Conversion Skills

Element Names and Symbols

• Memorize names and symbols, especially from elements 1-36 and specific additional elements (Ag, Sn, I, etc.).

Metric Prefixes and Conversions

• Metric Prefixes: Understand values and usage.

  • Larger Units: T-unit, G-unit, M-unit, k-unit.

  • Smaller Units: c-unit, m-unit, µ-unit, n-unit, p-unit.

• Temperature Conversion: Apply the formula K = °C + 273.15 to convert between Kelvin and Celsius.