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Exam 1 study

Page 1: Exam 1 Review Concepts

Overview

  • General listing of concepts and objectives tested in the exam.

Chapter 1: Atoms and Molecules

  • Atoms vs. Molecules: Differentiate between the two.

  • Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures: Understand their atomic make-up.

    • Elements: Pure substances that cannot be broken down.

    • Compounds: Substances formed from two or more elements.

    • Mixtures: Physical combinations of substances.

  • Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Matter: Distinguish the types based on composition.

  • Physical vs. Chemical Change: Differentiate changes in matter.

  • Conservation of Matter/Mass: State and apply the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Chapter 2: Measurement and Units

  • Precision and Accuracy: Provide an example.

  • Uncertainty: Determine the uncertainty in measurements.

  • Scientific Notation: Rules for writing and converting numbers.

    • Less than 1: Format properly in scientific notation.

    • Greater than 1: Adjust to scientific notation.

    • Convert between decimal and scientific notation.

    • Perform mathematical operations using scientific notation.

  • Significant Figures: Distinguish between measured and exact numbers.

    • Understand and apply significant figures in calculations.

    • Learn rounding rules and proper usage in multiplication and division.

  • Metric Units: Familiarize with base units (gram, liter, meter, second) and prefixes (Tera-, giga-, etc.).

  • Inter-conversion of Metric Units: Practice dimensional analysis for unit conversions.

  • Metric to English Conversion: Use dimensional analysis for conversions based on given factors.

Page 2: Concepts and Calculations

Problem-Solving Strategies

  • Use the “given/find/use” approach for multi-step conversions.

Density

  • Density as a Conversion Factor: Use in calculations.

    • Calculate mass from density and volume.

    • Calculate volume from density and mass.

Energy Concepts

  • Definition of Energy: Understand the basic concept.

  • Kinetic vs. Potential Energy: Differentiate between the two types.

  • Law of Conservation of Energy: Grasp the principle and conversion between joules and kilojoules.

Thermodynamics

  • Endothermic vs. Exothermic Processes: Distinction between energy exchanges.

  • Temperature vs. Heat: Characteristics and differences.

  • Temperature Conversion: Convert between Celsius and Kelvin.

  • Heat Capacity: Differentiate between heat and specific heat.

Energy and Heat Calculations

  • Understand terms in the equation: q = mcΔT (where q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change).

  • Able to calculate one of the factors based on the equation.

  • Given data, calculate specific heat, mass, or temperature change.

Page 3: Memorization and Conversion Skills

Element Names and Symbols

  • Memorize names and symbols, especially from elements 1-36 and specific additional elements (Ag, Sn, I, etc.).

Metric Prefixes and Conversions

  • Metric Prefixes: Understand values and usage.

    • Larger Units: T-unit, G-unit, M-unit, k-unit.

    • Smaller Units: c-unit, m-unit, µ-unit, n-unit, p-unit.

  • Temperature Conversion: Apply the formula K = °C + 273.15 to convert between Kelvin and Celsius.