Developments in DAR-AL-ISLAM (U1)

Three Major Religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and how they interacted)

Judaism

• Religion of the Jews, Middle East

  • Monotheistic

• Base of which other religions grew

  • Christianity: established by a Jewish prophet (Jesus)

  • Cruxifiction: spread his sacrifice by grace

  • Roman empire adopted christianity

• Islam: founded by prophet Muhammad

  • Final prophet in gods messengers

  • Salvation would be found in righteous actions (five pillars of Islam)

  • North and Subsaharan Africa into Asia

  • Mohammad was a merchant

    • Compared to Jesus: more prospherous than Christians

  Abbasid Caliphate

• Ethnically Arab

• In power during the golden age of Islam

• Empire was fragmenting as the center of the Islamic world

  • Rose to power around mid-8 century, revolts against Umayyad caliphate

  • Several new islamic empires began to rise in its place

• Made up of Turkic peoples, not arab peoples

• Islamic empires were run by Arabs but Turkic Muslims came in and set up rival empires

Seljuks

• Brought in by the Abbasid as a military force

• 1200s, the Turkic warriors gained more power

• Abbasid caliphs were still in power and claimed to speak for all of Islam but the Seljuks had the political power

Mamluk Sultanate - egypt

• Saladin needed labors to expand state

  • Turkic warriors (mamluks - slaves)

  • Seized power

Delhi Sultanate

• South Asia

• Muslim state in the northern area

• arab Muslim empires declined, new Muslim empires of Turkic peoples rise

continuity:

• Military in charge of administration

• Administrated Sharia Law

  • Military expansion (Delhi sultanate)

  • merchant activity (trade)

    • Ruled by Muslims, stimulated merchant movement

  • Muslim missionaries (sufism)

    • Emphasized mystical experience

    • Spiritual experience were availabel to everyone regardless of class and gender

Intellectual innovations and trade

• Mathematics

  • Nasir

    • developed trigonometry to understand movements in astronomy

  • House of Wisdom established in Baghdad

    • Large library, respinsible for preserving Greek natural philosophy

    • Translated into Arabic

    • Arabic translations were transferred to Europe - basis for Renaissance.