science 9 enerfy source

Introduction

• Prepared by: Ma. Mhicaella B. Anticuando

Energy Resources

• Definition: Energy resources are all forms of fuels used in the modern world for:

  • Heating

  • Generation of electrical energy

  • Other energy conversion processes

Classification of Energy Resources

• Energy resources can be classified into three main categories:

  • Renewable Energy

  • Non-renewable Energy

  • Nuclear Energy

Renewable Energy

• Definition: Renewable energy resources can replenish themselves at the rate they are used.

• Examples include:

  • Solar energy

  • Wind energy

  • Falling water (hydropower)

  • Geothermal energy (heat of the earth)

  • Biomass (plant materials)

  • Waves and ocean currents

  • Temperature differences in oceans

  • Tidal energy

Non-renewable Energy

• Definition: Non-renewable energy resources have a limited supply.

• Examples include:

  • Coal

  • Natural gas

  • Oil

Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels are formed from the decomposition of ancient plants and animals.

• Found in the Earth's crust, they mainly consist of carbon and hydrogen, which are combustible.

• Types of fossil fuels:

  • Coal

  • Oil

  • Natural gas

Nuclear Energy

• Definition: Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms (core) made up of protons and neutrons.

• Production methods:

  • Fission: Atom nuclei split into several parts, releasing heat energy.

  • Fusion: Atom nuclei fuse together, creating heat energy.

Nuclear Fusion

• Process: Atoms are fused or combined to produce energy.

• Example: The sun, where hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium, producing heat energy that warms the Earth.

Nuclear Fission

• Process: The nucleus of an atom breaks apart, creating energy.

• Commonly known for its use in nuclear power plants, especially with uranium.

Other Sources of Energy

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of an object in motion.

• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to an object's position.

• Additional energies include:

  • Solar Energy

  • Geothermal Energy

  • Hydroelectric Energy

Forms of Energy

• Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (e.g., fuels like coal, gasoline).

• Electrical Energy: Energy from moving electrons; arises from the atomic structure.

• Radiant Energy: Energy associated with the movement of electromagnetic waves (e.g., visible light, x-rays).

• Mechanical Energy: Energy due to an object's motion or position (includes both kinetic and potential energy).

• Thermal Energy: Heat energy from moving or vibrating molecules; relates directly to temperature.

Geothermal Energy

• Definition: Thermal energy stored deep within the Earth; originates from molten magma and radioactive decay.

• Renewable because heat is continually produced within the Earth.

• Major locations: Found in areas around tectonic plate borders, particularly around volcanic regions.

Groundwater

• Definition: Water located underground within soil, sand, and rock formations (aquifers).

The Ring of Fire

• Description: A path along the Pacific Ocean with active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes; where most of Earth's geothermal energy can be found.

• Notable for high geothermal energy potential due to the presence of hot magma and geothermal systems.

Geothermal Energy in the Philippines

• The Philippines is the second-largest producer of geothermal energy globally.

• Utilized for electricity generation, as well as direct heating for homes and industrial uses.

Geothermal Power Plants

• Suitable for areas with low winds and rainy weather (e.g., Mindanao, Batanes).

• Locations include:

  • Tiwi (Albay)

  • Kidapawan (North Cotabato)

  • Calaca (Laguna)

  • Tongonan (Leyte)

  • Bago City (Northern Negros Occidental)

  • Valencia (Negros Oriental)

  • Bacon (Sorsogon)

  • Mak-Ban (Laguna)

Operations of a Geothermal Power Plant

1. Geothermal Vents: Wells drilled into the Earth to access heat.

2. Steam Generators: Convert pressurized water into steam.

3. Turbines: Steam turns a turbine that drives an electric generator, converting steam energy into electricity.

4. Condensers: Used to cool steam back into water for reuse in the system.

• Note: Components of a geothermal plant include steam turbines, generators, condensers, cooling towers, and gas removal systems.

Conclusion

• Geothermal energy resources are crucial for sustainable energy production and effective utilization to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.