science 9 enerfy source

Introduction

  • Prepared by: Ma. Mhicaella B. Anticuando

Energy Resources

  • Definition: Energy resources are all forms of fuels used in the modern world for:

    • Heating

    • Generation of electrical energy

    • Other energy conversion processes

Classification of Energy Resources

  • Energy resources can be classified into three main categories:

    • Renewable Energy

    • Non-renewable Energy

    • Nuclear Energy

Renewable Energy

  • Definition: Renewable energy resources can replenish themselves at the rate they are used.

  • Examples include:

    • Solar energy

    • Wind energy

    • Falling water (hydropower)

    • Geothermal energy (heat of the earth)

    • Biomass (plant materials)

    • Waves and ocean currents

    • Temperature differences in oceans

    • Tidal energy

Non-renewable Energy

  • Definition: Non-renewable energy resources have a limited supply.

  • Examples include:

    • Coal

    • Natural gas

    • Oil

Fossil Fuels

  • Fossil fuels are formed from the decomposition of ancient plants and animals.

  • Found in the Earth's crust, they mainly consist of carbon and hydrogen, which are combustible.

  • Types of fossil fuels:

    • Coal

    • Oil

    • Natural gas

Nuclear Energy

  • Definition: Nuclear energy is released from the nucleus of atoms (core) made up of protons and neutrons.

  • Production methods:

    • Fission: Atom nuclei split into several parts, releasing heat energy.

    • Fusion: Atom nuclei fuse together, creating heat energy.

Nuclear Fusion

  • Process: Atoms are fused or combined to produce energy.

  • Example: The sun, where hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium, producing heat energy that warms the Earth.

Nuclear Fission

  • Process: The nucleus of an atom breaks apart, creating energy.

  • Commonly known for its use in nuclear power plants, especially with uranium.

Other Sources of Energy

  • Kinetic Energy: Energy of an object in motion.

  • Potential Energy: Stored energy due to an object's position.

  • Additional energies include:

    • Solar Energy

    • Geothermal Energy

    • Hydroelectric Energy

Forms of Energy

  • Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (e.g., fuels like coal, gasoline).

  • Electrical Energy: Energy from moving electrons; arises from the atomic structure.

  • Radiant Energy: Energy associated with the movement of electromagnetic waves (e.g., visible light, x-rays).

  • Mechanical Energy: Energy due to an object's motion or position (includes both kinetic and potential energy).

  • Thermal Energy: Heat energy from moving or vibrating molecules; relates directly to temperature.

Geothermal Energy

  • Definition: Thermal energy stored deep within the Earth; originates from molten magma and radioactive decay.

  • Renewable because heat is continually produced within the Earth.

  • Major locations: Found in areas around tectonic plate borders, particularly around volcanic regions.

Groundwater

  • Definition: Water located underground within soil, sand, and rock formations (aquifers).

The Ring of Fire

  • Description: A path along the Pacific Ocean with active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes; where most of Earth's geothermal energy can be found.

  • Notable for high geothermal energy potential due to the presence of hot magma and geothermal systems.

Geothermal Energy in the Philippines

  • The Philippines is the second-largest producer of geothermal energy globally.

  • Utilized for electricity generation, as well as direct heating for homes and industrial uses.

Geothermal Power Plants

  • Suitable for areas with low winds and rainy weather (e.g., Mindanao, Batanes).

  • Locations include:

    • Tiwi (Albay)

    • Kidapawan (North Cotabato)

    • Calaca (Laguna)

    • Tongonan (Leyte)

    • Bago City (Northern Negros Occidental)

    • Valencia (Negros Oriental)

    • Bacon (Sorsogon)

    • Mak-Ban (Laguna)

Operations of a Geothermal Power Plant

  1. Geothermal Vents: Wells drilled into the Earth to access heat.

  2. Steam Generators: Convert pressurized water into steam.

  3. Turbines: Steam turns a turbine that drives an electric generator, converting steam energy into electricity.

  4. Condensers: Used to cool steam back into water for reuse in the system.

  • Note: Components of a geothermal plant include steam turbines, generators, condensers, cooling towers, and gas removal systems.

Conclusion

  • Geothermal energy resources are crucial for sustainable energy production and effective utilization to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.