Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Division
Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division - Study Notes
Multiple Choice
- Q1: As a cell becomes larger, its
- a. volume increases faster than its surface area.
Explanation: Volume grows at a quicker rate than the surface area as the cell expands, causing potential inefficiencies in nutrient absorption and waste expulsion.
- Q2: All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT
- b. excess oxygen.
Explanation: Excess oxygen is not inherently a problem for cells. The significant issues include DNA overload, obtaining sufficient nutrients, and expelling waste.
- Q3: Which of the following is NOT a way that cell division solves the problems of cell growth?
- b. Cell division increases the mass of the original cell.
Explanation: Cell division creates two daughter cells, splitting the mass rather than increasing it.
- Q4: When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
- c. only during the M phase.
Explanation: Chromosomes condense and become visible during the M phase of the cell cycle, specifically during mitosis.
- Q5: Which pair is correct?
- b. G₂ phase, preparation for mitosis.
Explanation: The G₂ phase is the period where the cell prepares for mitosis by producing the necessary proteins and cell components.
- Q6: When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?
- c. S phase.
Explanation: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
- Q7: Which event occurs during interphase?
- a. The cell grows.
Explanation: Interphase includes a phase of cell growth, preparing it for division.
- Q8: During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
- c. metaphase.
Explanation: Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate during metaphase.
- Q9: Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
- a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
- Q10: What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
- a. It helps separate the chromosomes.
Explanation: The spindle fibers are crucial in moving chromosomes during mitosis.
- Q11: The two main stages of cell division are called
- d. mitosis and cytokinesis.
Explanation: Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
- Q12: Which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing?
- a. contact with other cells.
Explanation: Contact inhibition is a process that halts cell division when cells touch.
- Q13: Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
- c. Contact with other cells stops cell growth.
Explanation: Cells cease to proliferate when they come into contact with other cells.
- Q14: Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
- a. regulate the cell cycle.
Explanation: Cyclins play a crucial role in controlling the timing of the cell cycle.
- Q15: Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
- c. growth rate.
Explanation: Cancer cells proliferate uncontrollably, bypassing normal regulatory signals.
Completion
- Q16: The larger a cell becomes, the
less efficiently it is able to function. - Q17: Before a normal cell becomes too large to carry out normal activities, it will usually
divide to form two daughter cells. - Q18: The structure labeled A in Figure 10-1 is called the
cell plate. - Q19: Proteins that regulate the cell cycle based on events inside the cell are called
internal regulators. - Q20: In all forms of cancer, cells
fail to respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle of most cells.
Short Answer
- Q21: What effect does cell size have on a cell's ability to efficiently carry out its activities? Give an example.
As a cell gets larger, it becomes less efficient because materials cannot move in and out fast enough. - Q22: How does an increase in cell size affect the ratio of surface area to volume?
The surface area to volume ratio decreases as the cell gets bigger. - Q23: What is interphase, and which phases of the cell cycle does interphase include?
Interphase is when the cell grows and prepares to divide, including the G₁, S, and G₂ phases. - Q24: Describe how a plant cell produces a new cell wall during cytokinesis.
A cell plate forms in the middle and develops into a new cell wall between the two cells. - Q25: Identify a factor that can stop cells from growing. Give an example of how this factor affects cell growth.
Lack of nutrients can stop cells from growing. For example, without enough nutrients, cells cannot produce energy.
Using Science Skills
- Q26: Interpreting Graphics - Look at Figure 10-2. Which diagram shows cancer cells? How do you know?
- Diagram A shows cancer cells as the cells are crowded and disorganized.
- Q27: Comparing and Contrasting - Explain how cancer cells are different from normal cells. Then, relate these characteristics to the diagrams in Figure 10-2.
- Cancer cells grow uncontrollably and do not stop dividing when they contact other cells. In Diagram A, the cells pile up, while in Diagram B, they are organized.
- Q28: Predicting - Look at the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-2. What can happen if these cells are left untreated?
- They will continue to divide, potentially forming a tumor and spreading to other tissues.
Chapter 10 Test B - Multiple Choice
- Q1: As a cell grows, it
- d. all of the above.
Explanation: A growing cell faces increased demands on its DNA, depletes nutrients, and has difficulty transporting materials.
- Q2: Compared with small cells, large cells have more trouble
- c. moving needed materials in and waste products out.
- Q3: The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
- Q4: Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
- d. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
- Q5: Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle?
- Q6: Cell division is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter
- Q7: The cell cycle is the
- a. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
- Q8: The structure labeled A in Figure 10-2 is called the
- Q9: The structures labeled B in Figure 10-2 are called
- Q10: Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
- Q11: The first phase of mitosis is called
- Q12: In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible?
- Q13: What happens when cells come into contact with other cells?
- Q14: In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
- Q15: What is a tumor?
- b. a mass of cancer cells.
Completion
- Q16: The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
- Q17: Together, the G₁ phase, S phase, and G₂ phase are called
- Q18: Another name for cell division is the
- Q19: The process shown occurs directly following mitosis. This process is called
- Q20: Proteins called cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Short Answer
- Q21: List two problems that growth causes for cells.
- Two main problems are DNA overload and difficulty moving materials in and out of the cell.
- Q22: Why are chromosomes not visible in most cells except during cell division?
- Chromosomes are condensed and become visible only during cell division.
- Q23: The main events of the cell cycle are labeled A, B, C, and D in Figure 10-4. Name these events.
- A is G1 phase, B is S phase, C is G2 phase, and D is M Phase (Mitosis).
- Q24: Name two factors that help regulate the timing of the cell cycle.
- Internal and external regulatory proteins.
- Q25: How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?
- Cancer cells do not respond to normal cell cycle regulatory signals, leading to uncontrolled growth and division.
Using Science Skills
- Q26: What does Figure 10-5 represent? How do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell?
- Figure 10-5 represents mitosis. It is an animal cell because it has centrioles and a cleavage furrow, and lacks a cell wall.
- Q27: What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in Figure 10-5?
- Q28: Identify the structures labeled X and Y in Figure 10-5.
- X is a centriole, Y is the spindle fiber.
- Q29: List the correct order for the diagrams in Figure 10-5.
- Q30: What would a diagram of a final step show?
- A diagram of the final step would show two identical daughter cells, each with its own nucleus.