5.8, 5.9, 5.10
Child Labor | Children under 10 were banned from coal mines, education was mandatory from ages 5 to 10. | |
British philosopher who reformed for labor unions, child labor, and safe working. | ||
Utilitarian | Mill’s philosophy that followed gradual reform. Ex. Utopian socialists replaced capitalism while utilitarians addressed the problems of it. | |
Karl Marx | German socialist who hated Utopian Socialists for being cowards and made Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels | |
Friedrich Engels | Karl Marx’s supporter who helped with Communist Manifesto | |
Communist Manifesto | Pamphlet that summarized Marx’s critique on capitalism. Capitalism produced poverty but produced wealth. Contradiction occurred b/c capitalism divided society into two basic classes; proletariat, burgeoisie | |
Proletariat | Capitalism divided society into this working class in factories for little wage. (Karl Marx) | |
Bourgeoisie | Capitalism divided society into this middle class & investors who owned industrial machinery. (Karl Marx) | |
Means of Production | Bourgeoisie owned this(machines,factories) so they received most of the wealth. | |
Communism | Removal of all class distinction. Marx believed this’ll replace socialism. | |
Mahmud II | Reformed Ottoman system by abolishing Janissaries, developing artillery, abolition of feudalism and tax farmers | |
Tanzimat Reorganization (Ottoman) | Reforms after Mahmud. Less corruption, advanced education systems, new legal systems/codes | |
Hatt-i Humayun (Ottoman) | Edict that declared equality for all men in education and government. Tanzimat Reorganization. | |
Millets (Ottoman) | Separate legal courts established by various religious systems. Established by Hatti-i Humayun. | |
Ottoman Economy & Society | Colonial expansion, banking, industrialization built economy. Mahmud’s reforms made women have indirect control of their property. | |
Opposition to Reforms (Ottoman) | Abdulhamid was fearful of bad reform, so he drove the Young Turks into exile and massacred foreign influences. | |
Young Turks / Armenian Genocide (Ottomans) | Advocates for reform driven into exile by sultan Abdulhamid. | |
Self- Strengthening Movement | Qing Dynasty reform for modernization through technology, government, and manufacturing | |
Emperor Guangxu | Reform club convinced ruler to make Hundred Days of Reform | |
Hundred Days of Reform | Abolition of civil service exam, corruption, and establishment of Western industrial, commercial, & medical system from Emperor Guangxu. | |
Empress Dowager Cixi | Conservative who opposed reforms due to fear of foreigners. | |
Reform of the Civil Service | Empress Cixi realized the exam was outdated/corrupt so she abandoned the exam, abandoning her conservatism. | |
China and Foreign Powers | ||
Bushido | ||
Genros | Elder statesmen that served for the government that some samurai turned into | |
Rise & Decline of Liberalization | Japan had industrial economy, traits of democracy(free press, labor unions, liberty) but army officers dominated the gov’t again. |
e
Term | Definition | |
5.9 Tenements | Cramped apartment buildings owned by factory owners that housed laborers | |
5.9 Slums | Areas of cities where low-income families were forced to live | |
5.9 Working Class | Bottom of hierarchy in Britain who constructed gooda | |
5.9 White-Collar Workers | Middle class, literate managers/owners | |
5.9 Farm Work vs. Factory Work | Farm work was done at home while close to people. In factory work, harsher work schedules and farther from home | |
5.9 Effects on Children | Machinery damaged children lungs, as well as heat and safety hazards | |
5.9 Effect on Women’s Lives | Working harsh conditions and taking care of children was harsh, spurring feminism. | |
5.9 Effects on the Environment | Air pollution lead to lung damage. Water pollution lead to spread of diseases | |
5.9 Mass Production | Goods became cheaper, accessible, & abundant due to the Industrial Revolution |
Term | Definition | |
5.10 Industrialization Around the World | USA, RUS, JAP increased industrial production, more railroads JAP, EGY industrialized to modernize economy | |
5.10 Sources of Raw Materials | Possible through steam ship/locomotive, railroads, and telegraphs. | |
5.10 Physical Labor | Machinery needed abundant, low-wage laborers. Labor unions were made in retaliation. | |
5.10 Office Labor | Industrial Revolution added more occupations to the middle class like factory managers. | |
5.10 The Wealthy | Owners of industrial companies who invested instead of labor. Upper class capitalists. | |
5.10 Gender and Industrialization | Women provided labor but were often paid less than men and denied high-wage jobs. | |
5.10 Voting Rights | Wealthy capitalists and middle-class caused this, but only men could vote still. | |
5.10 Protection for Workers | Bismarck’s social reforms spread globally to protect industrial workers. |