type of nationalism

key ideas

historical background

key thinkers (if relevant)

examples

links to other types of nationalism

liberal nationalism

• nation-state = most rational form of govt

• people’s rights can only be restored if they become involved in the establishment of govt » would create freedom for both the nation n the ppl within it

• generally also supporters of a democratic govt

• nation should have shared understanding of the values that bind it tgt

• linked to the Enlightenment

• US n French constitutions

• woodrow wilson’s 14 points

socialist nationalism

• tries to mix socialism n nationalism

• mainly thrived in africa n cuba

• bases nat on superior values of soc

conservative nationalism

• nationalism used to further the interests n ambitions of the state

• state is dominant to the nation

• many feared liberalism would lead to the destruction of tradish forms of authority esp church n monarchy

• otto von bismarck:“iron and blood”

• giuseppe garibaldi

• putin: collective will, etc

• charles maurras

• worried that liberal nationalism threatened their interests

cultural nationalism

• 2 types: liberal cultural nationalism n ultra-conservative

• liberal: feel their culture is being threatened by a dominant one, move to protect it

• ultra-conservative: see culture as superior to others

• can turn into militarism n expansionism

racialism

• racial distinctions = most important form of national id

• basis of nationhood should be racial

• becomes racism when racial group feel they’re superior n suppress others eg apartheid

• sometimes becomes nativism

civic nationalism

• national id less important that people’s pride in political institutions of state

• has become an issue with state with a history of immigration - used to integrate all

liberal internationalism

• most important way of protecting individual states id through int’l orgs eg eu

• states need to work tgt through trade etc

• states that don’t conform to liberal principles are not members of the int’l community

socialist internationalism

• class is everything

• nationalism is a bourgeoisie construct to keep the workers down

• workers should unite across nations

nativism

• indigenous population have a superior claim to nationalism than those that have arrived more recently eg white settlers over Hispanics in US

• original national group should have economic priority over others

• domestic industries should be protected from int’l competition w trade barriers

imperialism n colonialism

• wanted colonies to exploit to serve national interest

• un outlawed colonialism

• mainly in 19th cent

• with european powers, national rivalry was often expressed through empire

• creation of overseas empires by Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Holland, Belgium n Portugal

• conservative nationalism often turned to this

radical nationalism n fascism

• talks about complete subjugation of the individual to the will of the state

• “volksgeist”

• sees the nation as servants to the state

• extreme form of conservative nationalism

• “sees the nation as servants to the state” - similar to liberal nationalists

anti-colonial n post-colonial nationalism

• no of diff forms

• tends to use a form of nationalism with another political creed to create strong sense of national id

• may make use of one of the following: marxis, eg cuba » most common, religion, leadership cults

expansionist nationalism

• comes from belief that country is under constant threat

• no of diff forms: imperials, pan-nationalism, militarism, chauvinism, racial conquest

black nationalism

• looked at common ancestry of all black ppl

• divided the world into black n white, saw black as superior race

• first introduced by marcus garvey, taken up by ppl like malcom x

• marcus garvye

chauvinistic nationalism

• feels one nation is superior to others

• only some nations benefit from nation-statehood n others should accept their position as colonies of stronger nations

• exaggerated form of patriotism n national pride