Ch 8 - Systems Development (copy)
Participants in systems development:
Development team:
- Determines objectives of the information system
- Delivers system that meets objectives
\ Project:
- Planned collection of activities that archives a goal
Stakeholders:
- People who benefit from a project
Users:
- People who interact regularly with the system
Systems analyst:
- Professional who specialises in analysing and designing business systems
Programmer:
- Responsible for modifying or developing programs to satisfy user requirements
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Individual systems developer: person who performs all of the systems development roles
Individual users: acquire applications for both personal and professional use
End-user systems development: describes any systems development project in which business managers and assume the primary effort
\ Information systems planning and aligning corporate and IS goals:
- Information systems planning: translating strategic and organisational goals info systems development initiatives
- Aligning goals and IS goals: critical for successful systems development effort
\ %%System Development Life Cycles%%:
- Traditional systems development life cycle:
- Systems investigation: identifies problems and identities and considers them in a light of business goals
- Systems analysis: studies existing systems and work processes to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement
- Systems design: defines how the information system will do what it must to obtain the problem’s solution
- Systems implementation: creates or acquires various system components details in systems design, assembles them, and places new or modified system info operation
- Systems maintenance and review: ensures the system operates as intended
- Modifies the system so it continues to meet changing business needs
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- Prototyping:
- An iterative approach
- Requirements and alternative solutions to the problem are identified and analysed
- New solutions are designed, and a portion of the system is implemented
- Rapid application development (RAD): employs tools, techniques, and methodologies designed to speed application development
- Other approaches to rapid development:
- Agile development
- Extreme programming (XP)
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Outsourcing and on-demand computing:
Reasons for using outsourcing and on-demand computing approaches
- Reduce costs
- Obtain state-of-the-art technology
- Eliminate staffing and personnel problems
- Increases technological flexibility
\ Degree of Change:
Continuous improvement projects vs. reengineering
- Continuous improvement projects have a high degree of success
- Reengineering projects have a high risk high benefit
Managing change: essential to recognise and deal with existing or potential problems
\ Project Management Tools:
- Project schedule: detailed description of what is to be done
- Project milestone: critical date for completion of a major part of the project
- Project deadline: date the entire project is set to be completed and operational
- Critical path: activities that, if delayed, would delay the entire project
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- Object-oriented systems development:
Combines logic of systems development life cycle with power of object-oriented modelling and programming
- OOSD: identifies potential problems and opportunities
- Defines what kind of system users require
- Designing the program
- Programming or modifying modules
- Evaluation by users
- Periodic review and modification
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Feasibility analysis:
Assesses:
- Technical feasibility
- Economic feasibility
- Legal feasibility
- Operational feasibility
- Schedule feasibility
\ → Object-oriented approach is used through all phases of system development
Investigation process: Initiated by a systems request form
Systems analysis: The examination of existing systems
The systems investigation report summarises results of systems investigation
\ Data modelling: accomplished through the use of entity-relationship (ER) diagram
Activity modelling:
- Accomplished through the use of data-flow diagrams
- DFDs: describe the activities that fulfils a business relationship or accomplish a business task
\ Requirements analysis: determines user, stakeholder, and organisational needs
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\n System Design:
Logical design: describes functional requirements of a system
Physical design: specifies the characteristics of the system components necessary to put the logical design into action
Purpose of systems design: To prepare the detailed design needs for a new system or modifications to an existing system
Environmental design: Involves systems development efforts that slash power consumption and take less physical space
Request for proposal (RFP): document that specifies required resources such as hardware and software in detail
Purpose of systems implementation: To install a system and make everything, including users, ready for its operation
IS vendor: Company that offers hardware, software, telecommunications systems, databases, IS personnel, or other computer-related resources
Software: Can be purchased from external vendors or developed in house
Systems operation: The use of a new or modified system \n \n \n
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