NCM_136_Unit_1

Page 1: Introduction

CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY

• Course: Fundamentals in Nursing

• Author: Maria Elena A. Cabigon, RN, MAN, Ed.D

Page 2: Unit Overview

UNIT 1

• Nature of Nursing

• Historical Perspective

• Nursing Education

• Contemporary Nursing Practice

• Roles and Functions of Nurses

• Evidence-Based Practice

Page 3: Historical Perspective

Key Points

• Insights into the evolution of nursing.

Page 4: Early Nursing Care

Care Aspects

• Focus on physical maintenance and comfort (WOMEN’S ROLE)

• Emphasizes humanistic values: caring, nurturing, and support.

Page 5: Historical Context

Attitudes Toward Nursing

• Perceived as 'women's work' vs. men's work in combat.

• Formation of the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN) in 1981.

• Prominence of auxiliary healthcare workers during WWII.

Page 6: The Image of Nurses

Negative perceptions

• Mid-1800s nurses were often poorly educated.

• Sairey Gamp as a negative stereotype.

Positive Shift

• Florence Nightingale's influence creates the 'angel of mercy' image.

• 1990s initiatives promote nursing as a viable career option.

Page 7: Nursing Leaders

Notable Figures

• Emergence of pivotal nursing leaders shaping the profession.

Page 8: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1920)

• Environmental Theory and significance in nursing.

• Pioneered nursing's political advocacy and research.

• Advocated for personalized, holistic care.

• Emphasized public health roles in nursing.

Page 9: Clara Barton (1821 - 1912)

• Volunteered as a nurse in the Civil War.

• Founded the American Red Cross.

Page 10: Linda Richards (1841 - 1930)

• America's first trained nurse.

• Introduced nursing notes and uniforms.

• Significant work in psychiatric and industrial nursing.

Page 11: Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845 - 1926)

• First African-American professional nurse.

• Fought for equality and co-founded NACGN.

• Private Nursing.

Page 12: Lillian Wald (1867 - 1940)

• Founded Public Health Nursing.

• Established services for the poor in New York slums.

Page 13: Lavinia Dock (1858 - 1956)

• Feminist and political activist.

• Advocated for nurses' autonomy.

• Founded American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses.

Page 14: Margaret Sanger (1879 - 1966)

• Public health nurse and birth control movement founder.

• Advocated for women's rights in reproductive health.

• BIRTHCONTROL AND FAMILY PLANNING

Page 15: Mary Breckinridge (1881 - 1965)

• Founded Frontier Nursing Service.

• Established midwifery training and rural healthcare.

Page 16: Luther Christman (1915 - 2011)

• First man to serve as a university nursing dean.

• AAMN founder and First nominated for ANA president.

Page 17: Ernest Grant (1958 - Present)

• First male president of ANA (January 2019).

• Focus on education and client outcomes in nursing.

Page 18: Nursing Leaders' Impact

• Emphasis on keeping nursing relevant to public needs.

• Notable figures and their contributions highlighted.

Page 19: Reflection Prompt

Discussion

• Who among the nursing leaders inspires you the most?

Page 20: Nursing Education Evolution

Focus

• Teaching knowledge and skills for hospital nursing roles.

• Emphasis on critical thinking and health promotion.

Page 21: Nursing Levels

Licensure Types

• Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/VN) and Registered Nurse (RN).

Page 22: LPN/VN Education

Key Details

• Duration: 9-12 months of training.

• Provides basic direct care under RN supervision.

Page 23: Nursing Education Types

Nursing Programs

• Practical/Vocational Nursing: 9-12 months, NCLEX-PN exam.

• Registered Nursing: Diploma, Associate, Baccalaureate degrees.

• Graduate Nursing: Master’s and Doctoral degrees.

• Continuing Education: Shorter programs for skill enhancement.

Page 24: Nursing Education in the Philippines

Overview

• Bachelor's in Nursing (BSN): 4-year program including practical training.

• Licensure Examination: Required after BSN.

• Postgraduate degrees available for advanced practice.

Page 25: Graduate Nursing Details

Advanced Degrees

• Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing required for RN licensure.

• DNP offers further education in quality improvement and client outcomes.

Page 26: Theory

Definition

• A system of ideas presumed to explain a phenomenon.

Page 27: Time Management

Manage Focus Areas

• Prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance.

Page 28: Nursing Metaparadigm

Key Concepts

• Individuals/Clients: Central focus in nursing alongside environment and health.

Page 29: Themes in Nursing

• Caring, art, science, client-centered, and holistic approaches to nursing.

Page 30: Definition of Nursing

Description

• Protection, promotion, and optimization of health.

Page 31: Consumer Perspectives

Differentiation

• Consumer, patient, and client definitions explained.

Page 32: Nursing Scope

Responsibilities

• Promoting health, preventing illness, restoring health, caring for dying.

Page 33: Influential Factors

Contemporary Nursing

• Workforce issues, healthcare reforms, consumer demands, technology, and legislation.

Page 34: Roles and Functions of Nurses

Care Provider

• Offers complete, supportive, and educative care.

• Caregiver, Communicator, Teacher, Leader, Client advocate, Counselor, Change agent, Case Manager, Research Consumer, Expanded Career Role.

Page 35: Advocacy and Counseling

Nurse Roles

• Protect client's rights, assist in coping with issues, promote personal growth.

Page 36: Leadership and Management

Nurse Leadership Functions

• Influence, delegate, and collaborate in healthcare settings.

Page 37: Research and Expanded Roles

Responsibilities

• Engage in research, assume responsibilities within nursing practice.

Page 38: Clinical Evidence-Based Practice

Key Components

• Best research evidence, clinical expertise, patient values.

Page 39: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice

Definition and Purpose

• Integrates best evidence with expertise to provide optimal healthcare.

Page 40: Implementation of EBP

Process

• Integrates evidence with expertise for effective healthcare delivery.

Page 41: Steps in Changing Practice

Protocol

1. Ask clinical questions.

2. Search for best evidence.

3. Critically appraise evidence.

4. Integrate with expertise and preferences.

5. Implement and evaluate.

6. Disseminate outcomes.

Page 42: Nursing Research Overview

Historical Context

• Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing research.

Page 43: Conclusion

References

• Acknowledgment of sources and contributions to theory.

• Titles of textbooks and resources used in the course.