CompTIA A+ 1101 Notes (copy)

Overview of Key Components and Concepts

Printing and Job Management

• Print Spooler: Software that stores and sends print jobs to the printer.

• PCL (Printer Command Language): Must be configured correctly in the printer driver to match the printer's language.

• Duplex Setting: Prints on both sides of a page.

• Orientation: Adjust output between portrait or landscape.

• Resolution: Modifies dots per inch for output quality.

Hardware and Connection Issues

• Tone Generator: Produces an analog tone on a cable.

• Inductive Probe: Used to detect tone on the opposite end of a cable.

• Port Flapping: Indicates a network interface constantly transitioning states, typically due to hardware issues.

• Flickering/Video Quality Issues: Usually due to connection problems between the video adapter and display device.

• Swollen Battery: Indicates damage and may pose a fire hazard.

Display Technology

• Inverter: Powers CCFL backlit displays; newer laptops use LED backlights which do not require inverters.

• Digitizer: Converts analog input from touchscreens into digital signals.

Networking Protocols and Ports

• Ports:

  • Port 443: Used for secure web browser communications (SSL/TLS).

  • Port 22: Supports encrypted terminal communication (SSH).

  • Port 23: Used by Telnet for non-encrypted communication.

  • Port 110: Default port for retrieving emails (POP3).

  • Port 25: Handles sending emails (SMTP).

  • Port 35: Default port for DNS.

• DHCP Server: Automatically assigns IP addresses to network devices.

• APIPA: Configures a local workstation with a link-local address if DHCP fails.

Storage Solutions

• Optical Disc: Offers large storage capacity and one-time write capability.

• RAID 1: Mirrored array for data redundancy; requires synchronization after replacing a broken drive.

Networking Types

• PAN (Personal Area Network): Suitable for small areas, e.g., Bluetooth devices.

• WAN (Wide Area Network): Links multiple locations, such as cities or states.