Chapter 1 - Business Information Systems in Your Career

Internet of Things

(IoT) Network of physical objects (things) embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies enabling them to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems via the Internet.

Extranets

Private intranets that are accessible to authorized outsiders.

Management information systems

(MIS) The study of information systems, focusing on their use in business and management. Also refers to the specific category of information system providing reports on organizational performance to help middle management monitor and control the business.

Computer literacy

Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding of how computer-based technologies work.

Information system

Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.

Big Data

Data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical relational DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. The data are often unstructured or semistructured.

Output

The distribution of processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

Business processes

Logically related set of activities that define how specific business tasks are performed. Also refers to the unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service.

Input

The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system.

Change management

Giving proper consideration to the impact of organizational change associated with a new system or alteration of an existing system.

Input

The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system.

Change management

Giving proper consideration to the impact of organizational change associated with a new system or alteration of an existing system.

Information

Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

Information systems literacy

Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals as well as technical knowledge about computers.

Culture

Fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most members of an organization.

World Wide Web

A service the Internet provides that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format; usually referred to as the web.

Business model

Describes how an enterprise delivers a product or service, thus showing how the enterprise creates wealth.

Data management technology

Software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.

Data

Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

Information technology infrastructure

(IT infrastructure) Computer hardware, software, data, storage technology, and networks, along with the people required to run and manage them, providing a portfolio of shared IT resources for the organization.

Intranets

Internal networks based on Internet technology and standards.

Cloud computing

Model of computing that enables access to a shared pool of computing resources over a network, primarily the Internet.

Network

The linking of two or more computers to share data or resources such as a printer.

Information technology

(IT) All the hardware and software technologies that a firm needs to achieve its business objectives.

Computer software

Detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the work of computer hardware components in an information system.

Computer hardware

Physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities in an information system.

Critical thinking

Sustained suspension of judgment with an awareness of multiple perspectives and alternatives.

Networking and telecommunications technology

Physical devices and software that link various pieces of hardware and transfer data from one physical location to another.

Feedback

Output that is returned to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct input.