Alter thought processes, mood, and perceptions.
Also known as psychedelics, originating in the 1950s as "mind expanding."
Entheogenic: finding "god within";
Entactogen: refers to MDMA.
Serotonin-like group: Includes LSD, psilocybin, peyote.
Belladonna alkaloids: Historically used in medicine.
Dissociative anesthetics: Commonly referred to as "horse tranquilizers."
Dr. Timothy Leary: Led the LSD movement in the 1960s; famous quote "Turn on, Tune in and Drop out."
Dr. Albert Hoffman: Discovered LSD on April 19, 1943, celebrated as "Bicycle Day."
Ergotism (St. Anthony’s Fire): Caused hallucinations from consuming ergot-infected rye; utilized by midwives.
Link to the Salem Witch Trials.
Controlled Substances Act of 1970: Established drug schedules based on abuse potential and medical use.
Schedule I: No medical use, high abuse potential (LSD, MDMA).
Schedule II: High abuse potential; includes drugs like cocaine and oxycodone.
Schedule III: Moderate to low abuse potential; includes codeine, anabolic steroids.
Routes of Administration: Common methods include teas, oral, and smoking.
Lag Time: Varies by drug (e.g., LSD: 30-60 min; PCP: 15-30 min).
Trip Duration: LSD: 4-6 hours; Psilocybin: 2-4 hours; PCP: 4-6 hours.
Default Mode Network: Brain's automatic software, impacts how adults process information.
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): Process of strengthening neural connections with repeated stimulation.
Plasticity: Brain's ability to reorganize and adapt neural connections.
Can provide therapeutic benefits, opposite to PTSD effects.
Should not be used recreationally; quality of experience crucial for therapeutic success.
Low risk of dependency and toxicity.
Potential risks include harmful interactions with SSRIs, and serious physical changes (e.g., increased heart rate).
Posthallucinogen Perception Disorder (PHPD): Flashbacks in frequent LSD users.
Set and setting impact potential psychological experiences (good vs. bad trips).
Concise Summary of Hallucinogens and Their Effects