Note
0.0(0)
Explore Top Notes
Note
Studied by 3 peopleNoteStudied by 15 peopleNoteStudied by 1 personNoteStudied by 13 peopleNoteStudied by 22 peopleNoteStudied by 24 people
Chapter 18 - The Solid State
NoteStudied by 3 peopleChapter 20: Carbohydrates
NoteStudied by 15 peopleOperating Systems Study Notes
NoteStudied by 1 personChapter 16: Politics and Public Policymaking
NoteStudied by 13 peopleConformity
NoteStudied by 22 peopleUnit 1 notes LT 2: Lab Terms
NoteStudied by 24 peopleEVANTH Midterm: Bones and teeth
- What information can osteologists get from a skeleton
- age, sex, health status, appearance, behavior
- What are the functions of bone:
- RBC production,
- support,
- movement,
- protection of vital organs,
- mineral repository
- What way do the respective anatomical planes run?
- Transverse: top/down
- Coronal: front/back
- Saggital: left/right
- Define the cardinal directions.
- Anterior: towards the front
- Posterior: towards the back
- Inferior: towards the bottom
- Superior: towards the top
- Medial: towards the middle
- Lateral: away from the middle
- Proximal: near the attachment
- Distal: away from the attachment
- How many bones are in the skull (which contains the and the ___)? How many bones are in the post cranial skeleton?
- 28 bones, cranium and mandible
- 178 bones,
- The axial skeleton contains the _ and the appendicular skeleton contains the _.
- Ribcage
- Limbs
- How many bones are in the human skeleton? Classify the number of each type.
- 24 are ribs
- 28 are vertebrae
- 56 are phalanges
- Of the remaining 98, 88 are paired
- \
- Parts of the Long Bone
- Diaphysis: shaft/central part of long bone
- Metaphysis: wide portions of long bones and the regions of the bone where growth occurs
- Epiphysis (proximal/distal): end part of long bones, initially growing separate from the shaft
- Periosteum: fibrous membrane which adheres to all external surfaces of the bone except for those covered by cartilage
- Compact bone: dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain osteocytes
- Spongy bone: lighter and less dense than compact bone
- Articular cartilage: smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
- Medullar cavity: hollow parts of bone that contains bone marrow
- Marrow: a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are formed
- Nutrient artery: passage through which nutrients pass to bone
- Nutrient foramen: small tunnel through the cortex of a long bone containing a nutrient artery that supplies the bone
- Cartilage
- Most joint surfaces are covered by articular hyaline cartilage
- Some joint surfaces are covered by white fibrocartilage
- Muscle Attachments: where skeletal muscle attaches to bone
- Three types of adult bone:
- Compact bone: dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain osteocytes
- Spongy bone: lighter and less dense than compact bone
- Subchondral bone: bone tissue underlying the calcified cartilage, attenuates forces generated through locomotion
- Bone as living tissue:
- As a living tissue, bone is intimately connected to the body’s blood supply, primarily through:
- Nutrient arteries
- Capillaries from periosteum
- Role of bone marrow
- Bone marrow: stored in the Medullary Cavity
- Bone marrow: largely produced in the spongy bone
- Bone marrow: two types: Red (produces blood cells); Yellow (fatty)
- Bone marrow: conversion of red to yellow marrow as we age
- Odontology
- Parts of tooth
- Crown: visibile, white part
- Root: hidden part embedded in gum
- Incisors
- Incisors: Four front and center teeth
- Canines
- Canines: Pointy teeth
- Premolars
- Premolars: Two teeth before molars,
- Premolars: Flat surface but smaller than molars
- Molars
- Molars: three back teeth
- Molars: flat surface
- Dental terminology
- Cusp: raised occlusal on surface of tooth
- Directional terminology
- Labial: side of tooth that touches lips
- Lingual: side of tooth that touches tongue
- Dental Structure: Enamel
- Enamel: covers the outer/chewing surface of the tooth
- Enamel: made up of 97% mineral; the rest is water and trace organic
- Enamel: Hardest substance in the body
- Enamel: Does not remodel
- Dental Structure: Dentine
- Dentine: 70% hydroxyapatite crystals
- Dentine: 20% collagen
- Dentine: rest is water and trace organics
- Dentine: softer than enamel, harder than bone
- Dental Structure: Pulp
- Pulp: soft, connective tissue within teeth
- Pulp: contains blood vessels and pulp that enter through apical foramen
- Pulp: serves largely as sensory system for the teeth
- Pulp: also serves in the upkeep and rapid of dentine
- Dental Structure: Cementum
- Cementum: surrounds the root of the tooth
- Cementum: about 65% mineral
- Cementum: deposition continues through life
- Cementum: made up of cellular and acellular layers
- Cementum: attaches tooth to the alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament
Note
0.0(0)
Explore Top NotesNoteStudied by 3 peopleNoteStudied by 15 peopleNoteStudied by 1 personNoteStudied by 13 peopleNoteStudied by 22 peopleNoteStudied by 24 people
Chapter 18 - The Solid State
NoteStudied by 3 peopleChapter 20: Carbohydrates
NoteStudied by 15 peopleOperating Systems Study Notes
NoteStudied by 1 personChapter 16: Politics and Public Policymaking
NoteStudied by 13 peopleConformity
NoteStudied by 22 peopleUnit 1 notes LT 2: Lab Terms
NoteStudied by 24 people