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HASS TERM 3 HISTORY ANCIENT ROME NOTES

Ancient Rome

GLOSSARY WORD:

Aqueduct: A man made channel designed to move water from one location to another using gravity

Hypocaust: An ancient Roman underfloor heating system where a furnace heated the air that circulated in a hollow space under the floor, warming the room above.

Patricians: Patricians were members of the original aristocratic families in Ancient Rome.

Plebians: Plebians were the common citizens of Ancient Rome

Slaves: property, a "talking tool" with no legal rights or personhood, subject to their master's absolute control, and unable to own property, marry, or enter contracts

Legionaries: Roman infantry men who were highly trained and belong to a legion (a group of 5-6 thousand men)

Centurions: An exemplary soldier who was promoted to commander in charge of 80- 100 men

Auxiliaries: Extra soldiers provided by countries Rome had conquered to assist Rome's professional army

Decimation: 'Removal of a 10th - when 1/10 men were killed as punishment for mutiny

Republic: A system of government which does not have a monarchy, instead has a parliament the second era of Rome was a republic.

Social hierarchy: When society is organised into divided groups, usually by power or wealth e.g. Patrician, plebian and slave

Testudo: A defensive tactic used by the roman army used in siege warfare in which shields were packed tightly to form a wall like a tortoise shell.

Twelve Tables: bronze tablets that had Roman Laws carved on them to ensure fairness.

Citizen Assembly: A council of Roman citizens who were able to vote on new laws e.g., taxed. Generally held in public places.

 

 

 

 

WHAT IS ANCIENT ROME:

Ancient Rome was a powerful civilization founded on modern day Italy that existed for a 1000 years (a millennial) between 753BCE and 476CE.

 

  • Rome would be classed as a superpower.

  • Between the second century BCE and second century CE, Rome came to control most of the known world.

  • Spread its power through wars and conquest

  • Also a society that saw great achievements in science, engineering politics, law and writing.

  • Rome collapsed in the 5th century CE, but its achievements live on.

 

THE 3 PERIODS OF ANICIENT ROME:

  1. Roman kingdom/ regal era- 752BC- 510 BC (monarchial)

  2. Roman republic- 509BC- 27BC (Praetors/ consuls)

  3. Roman empire/ imperial era- 27 BC- 476 AD (emperors and military expansions)

 

GENERAL NOTES:

  • They were heavily influenced by Ancient Greek

 

The rise of the Romans

NOTES:

  • Founding myth: Romulus and Remus were raised by a she- wolf. In 753BC Romulus killed his brother and founded Rome- making the wolf a key symbol

  • Geographical advantages- Tiber River gave a reliable water supply, fertile land and the high ground advantage of being built on Aventine Hill.

  • In the 6th century Romans rebelled to form the Roman Republic: A system of government in which the head of state is not a monarch (kings/queens)

  • Over the next 2 centuries Rome expanded its power through war

  • By 272BCE 150 000 inhabitants controlled most of Italy

  • To control such vast areas, the Romans

    • Used conquered people against one another

    • Made alliances with former rivals

    • Sold defeated enemies into slavery

    • Allowed conquered cities to keep their own local government, but forced Rome to supply troops for Rome

    • Colonies strategically important places with roman civilization.

 

Roman Society and culture

 

SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN ANICIENNT ROME:

Ancient Rome developed a social hierarchy that had strict social class division. Yor place is society was based on family background, wealth and gender.

  • Different groups has varying degrees of power referred to as a social hierarchy which dictated people's roles and privilege.

 

  • Roman woman + Slave father= child citizen            

  • Roman father + slave mother= slave child

  • Patricians controlled the most valuable land

  • 95% of the Roman population was plebians

 

 

 

 

Social hierarchy

 

Patricians

(Father)

Classified as Roman citizens.

  • Wealthiest members, inherited fortunes = comfortable lives, often had political position. Despite being a very small group, they managed to monopolies the power and wealth of Ancient Rome.

Plebians

(Many)

Classified as Roman citizens. Any citizen who was not born as a patrician was classified as a plebian. Some plebian's were poor and often lead a difficult lives as farmers, laborers and soldiers in the army. Plebians were quite entrepreneurial and managed to amass impressive fortunes through their business. Since patricians were nervous of how much power the plebians class had to resist them, they relented and allowed Plebians more rights such as permissions to enter politics.

Slaves

Slaves held no rights in society and were not classified as citizens. Enslaved people were regarded as the property of their masters, not humans. They were bought and sold by slave traders, captured prisoners, children who had been given up since birth or even people with crushing levels of debt. They had absolute no rights and could be tasked with anything their master assigned to them whether it be farming or fighting to death in the Colosseum.

 

 

 

Roman Gods

  • Jupiter: King of the gods and god of the sky and thunder, often associated with the Greek god Zeus.

  • Juno: Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage and childbirth, and protector of women, often associated with the Greek goddess Hera.

  • Mars: God of war, often associated with the Greek god Ares.

  • Venus: Goddess of love, beauty, desire, fertility, and prosperity, often associated with the Greek goddess Aphrodite.

  • Neptune: God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, often associated with the Greek god Poseidon.

  • Minerva: Goddess of wisdom, war, arts, schools, and commerce, often associated with the Greek goddess Athena.

  • Apollo: God of music, poetry, light, healing, and archery; also associated with the sun.

  • Diana: Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and childbirth, often associated with the Greek goddess Artemis.

  • Ceres: Goddess of agriculture, grain, and the earth, often associated with the Greek goddess Demeter.

  • Mercury: Messenger of the gods, god of trade, travelers, and thieves, often associated with the Greek god Hermes.

  • Vulcan: God of fire, volcanoes, metalworking, and craftsmanship, often associated with the Greek god Hephaestus.

  • Vesta: Goddess of the hearth, home, and family, often associated with the Greek goddess Hestia

 

Roman Inventions

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS IN HUMAN HISTORY

  • Car/ Modern transportation

  • Light bulbs

  •  Modern medicine/ Vaccines and antibiotics

  • Industrial revolution

  • Sanitation

  • Technology

  • Money

  • Clocks

  • Printing press

  • Electricity/ the Internet

  • Road

  • Agriculture

 

VIDEO NOTES:

  • The biggest bath house was called the Baths Of Diocletian (Rome)

  • Roman bath house were so important because they were very fond of being clean, it was also a place to socialize

  

 

Roman Military

 

3 features for the perfect army:

  • Skilled and Professional

  • Advanced weaponry

  • Manpower

 

VIDEO NOTES:

  • They used fire with the arrows and catapults to burn the enemy's territory

  • They were organized because they were sending