PSY2606 ABA Lecture 5 extinction

Introduction to Extinction

• Definition: Extinction

  • A basic principle of behavior.

  • Supported by extensive basic and applied research.

  • Integral to many behavior modification procedures.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Defining Extinction

1. Characteristics of Extinction

   • A previously reinforced behavior.

   • No longer followed by the reinforcing consequence.

   • Results in the weakening of the behavior (behavior decreases and ceases to occur in the future).

2. Key Point:

   • Extinction is about removing a reinforcer, not simply ignoring the behavior.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Examples of Extinction

• Common Instances:

  • Turning the key in a broken trunk lock.

  • Drinking from an empty soda bottle.

  • Telling unfunny jokes.

  • Using a flashlight with dead batteries.

  • Calling someone who never answers their phone.

  • Parents stop reacting to child misbehavior.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Extinction Burst

• Initial Reactions when Reinforcer Stops:

  1. Increase in frequency, duration, or intensity of the unreinforced behavior.

  2. Emergence of novel behaviors.

  3. Rise in emotional and/or aggressive behaviors.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Spontaneous Recovery

• Definition:

  • The behavior reappears sometime after it has been eliminated through extinction.

  • The aim is to re-elicit the reinforcer.

• Impact of Reinforcement:

  • If the reinforcer is given again, this can resemble partial reinforcement, which increases resistance to extinction.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Procedural Variations of Extinction

1. Extinction of Positively Reinforced Behavior:

   • The positive reinforcer is no longer delivered after exhibiting the behavior.

2. Extinction of Negatively Reinforced Behavior:

   • The aversive stimulus is no longer removed after the behavior occurs.

   • Example: Stopping the use of earplugs because they are ineffective in blocking noise.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021

Factors Influencing Extinction

• Schedule of Reinforcement:

  • A continuous reinforcement schedule facilitates easier extinction compared to other schedules.

• Role of Spontaneous Recovery:

  • If reinforcement occurs after the start of extinction, it complicates the extinction process and makes the behavior harder to extinguish.

Source: Roberta Farrugia Debono - 2021