CHM105: Chapter 14

What functional group do aldehydes and ketones have in common?
a) Hydroxyl group (-OH)
b) Carbonyl group (C=O)
c) Carboxyl group (-COOH)
d) Amine group (-NH2)

How is the carbonyl group in an aldehyde bonded?
a) To two hydrogen atoms
b) To at least one hydrogen atom
c) To two alkyl groups
d) To a hydroxyl group

What is the general formula notation for an aldehyde?
a) -CO-
b) -CHO
c) -OH
d) -NH2

Which of the following statements about ketones is true?
a) Ketones have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.
b) Ketones contain at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl group.
c) Ketones have the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon groups.
d) Ketones oxidize to form carboxylic acids.

The polarity of the carbonyl group arises because:
a) Carbon is more electronegative than oxygen
b) Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon
c) Both atoms share electrons equally
d) There are no dipole interactions

In the IUPAC system, how are aldehydes named?
a) By replacing the -e in the alkane name with -one
b) By adding the prefix "oxo-"
c) By replacing the -e in the alkane name with -al
d) By adding the suffix -ic acid

Why do aldehydes not require a number for the carbonyl position in their IUPAC names?
a) The carbonyl group can be anywhere in the chain
b) The carbonyl group is always at carbon 2
c) The carbonyl group is always at the end of the chain
d) Aldehydes have no carbonyl groups

What is the common name for propanone?
a) Ethanal
b) Dimethyl ketone
c) Butanal
d) Methanal

How are ketones named using the IUPAC system?
a) By replacing the -e in the alkane name with -one
b) By replacing the -e in the alkane name with -al
c) By adding the prefix "oxy-"
d) By adding the suffix -ic acid

How is a cyclic ketone named?
a) By using the prefix "cyclo-" before the ketone name
b) By using the suffix "-oic acid"
c) By replacing -al with -one
d) By adding “hydroxy-” to the name

What happens to the boiling points of aldehydes and ketones as the number of carbon atoms increases?
a) Boiling points decrease
b) Boiling points remain the same
c) Boiling points increase
d) Boiling points decrease and then increase

Which compound has the highest boiling point?
a) Alkane
b) Aldehyde
c) Ketone
d) Alcohol

Why do aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than alkanes?
a) They have dipole-dipole interactions
b) They form hydrogen bonds
c) They contain oxygen
d) They have ionic bonds

Why do ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar mass?
a) Alcohols form hydrogen bonds, while ketones do not
b) Ketones form hydrogen bonds, while alcohols do not
c) Alcohols have dipole-dipole interactions
d) Ketones are more volatile

Aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water if they:
a) Have one to four carbon atoms
b) Have five or more carbon atoms
c) Contain hydroxyl groups
d) Are unsaturated

What happens when aldehydes are oxidized?
a) They form carboxylic acids
b) They form ketones
c) They form alcohols
d) They remain unchanged

Which test is used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones?
a) Tollens’ test
b) Benedict’s test
c) Bromine water test
d) Iodine test

What does a positive Tollens’ test indicate?
a) The presence of a ketone
b) The presence of an aldehyde
c) The presence of a carboxylic acid
d) The presence of an alcohol

What is observed in a positive Tollens’ test?
a) Formation of a silver mirror
b) Formation of a red precipitate
c) Change in color to blue
d) No visible change

Benedict’s test detects:
a) Aldehydes with an adjacent hydroxyl group
b) All aldehydes
c) Only ketones
d) Carboxylic acids

What is the reducing agent in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?
a) O₂
b) H₂
c) Ag⁺
d) Cu²⁺

What is the product of the reduction of an aldehyde?
a) Primary alcohol
b) Secondary alcohol
c) Tertiary alcohol
d) Carboxylic acid

What is the product of the reduction of a ketone?
a) Primary alcohol
b) Secondary alcohol
c) Tertiary alcohol
d) Carboxylic acid

A hemiacetal contains which two functional groups?
a) Hydroxyl (-OH) and alkoxy (-OR)
b) Hydroxyl (-OH) and ketone (-CO)
c) Carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2)
d) Ether (-O-) and amine (-NH2)

What is required to convert a hemiacetal into an acetal?
a) Addition of another alcohol molecule
b) Addition of water
c) Addition of oxygen
d) Removal of hydrogen

Why are ketones less reactive than aldehydes?
a) Ketones have two alkyl groups that reduce the carbonyl’s reactivity
b) Ketones lack a carbonyl group
c) Aldehydes are nonpolar
d) Aldehydes have stronger dipole-dipole interactions

What type of structure does glucose form in solution?
a) Open-chain
b) Cyclic hemiacetal
c) Ketone
d) Acetal

What happens when an alcohol adds to a cyclic hemiacetal?
a) It forms a cyclic acetal
b) It forms a ketone
c) It forms an aldehyde
d) No reaction occurs

Acetals are commonly used in:
a) Vitamins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes
b) Food preservatives
c) Lubricants
d) Synthetic fibers

The reaction forming hemiacetals and acetals is:
a) Irreversible
b) Reversible
c) Spontaneous
d) Unstable