SCIENCE REVIEWER 2ND QUARTER
Lesson 1 layers of the earth
Crust - top layer of the earth
Continental crust - can see the land
Thickness 30-45km
Oceanic crust - land under water
Thickness 6km
Weathering - process which involves breaking down of rocks and minerals
Mechanical weathering - doesnt use chemicals
Chemical weathering - uses of chemicals
Erosion - process of taking away of broken down rocks
Mohorovicic Discontinuity - boundary between the lower crust and upper mantle
Discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic (1909)
Mantle 84% of our earths volume
Peridotite- igneous rock that is dark and contains diamonds
Guttenberg Discontinuity - boundary between lower mantle and outer core
Discovered by Weichert Guttenberg (1912)
Core - central part of the layer that has two parts (inner and outer)
Discovered by Richald Oldham (1906)
Rich in sulfer and iron
Outer core - only liquid layer of the earth
responsible of the earth’s magnetic
2550 km
4500 - 5500 degrees Celsius
Inner core - Solid layer
Discovered by Inge Lehmann
1220 km radius
Lehmann’s Discontinuity boundary between inner core and outer core
Asthenosphere - ductile part of the earth 1000km to 7000km
Plate tectonic - theory that tells that earth’s crust is divided into several parts that move or slide on the mantle
Lesson 2
Earthquakes
Moro Gulf 197 earthquake - strongest earthquake in the phillipines
Earthquakes - sudden shaking of the ground that occurs along geological faults
Richter Scale - scale used for measuring earthquakes named after Charles Richter
Seismic wave - causes earthquakes (detected by Seismographs)
4 types of earth quake
Tectonic earthquake - tectonics that slide bump and move apart from each other
Volcanic earthquake - volcanic activity
Explosion earthquake - bombs
Collapse earthquake - a huge part of land masses collapse
Parts of earthquake
Epicenter - point directly above the surface
Fault - slipping of a block of earth’s crust
Focus / Hypocenter - origin of earthquake
Faults - found between two blocks of earth’s crust
weak point on earth’s crust
Hanging wall - above the fault plane
Foot wall - below the fault plane
Reverse fault - compression force
Left=hanging
Right=foot
Normal fault
Left=foot
right hanging
Strike slip fault - sliding off each other
Lesson 3
Typhoons -
NW - Typhoon
SP - cyclone
NA - hurricane
Typhoon - intense circular storms that originate over 1 tropical oceans and have a maximum sustained windspeed exceeding 119 km/h
Philippine,Atmospheric,Geophysical,Astronomical,Services,Administration (PAGASA)
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
Strongest Typhoon = Yolanda
Typhoons are formed by warm and moist air
Tropical Cyclone = scientific form of typhoon
warm and moist air rises up and condensates and turn clouds specifically cumulonimbus
Parts of typhoon
Eye - center of typhoon were the air sinks and is mostly cloud free generally calm and does not exceed 24 km/h
Eye wall - composed of tall rings of thunder storms that produce heavy rains and strong winds changes in the eye wall can affect the wind speed
Rain bands - clouds that move away from the eye wall and moves in a spirally motion brings heavy rain and winds
Classifications of typhoons
Tropical depression - 6 kp/h
Severe tropical storm - 62- 88 kp/h
Severe tropical storm - 89-117 kp/h
Typhoon - 118-220 kp/h
Super typhoon - +220kp/h
Affects land masses and bodies of water to typhoons
Bodies of water = more water more stronger
Land masses = no water typhoon grows weaker
Lesson 4
Asteroids - are generally rocky and irregularly shaped celestial objects that are formed for over 1.6 billion years ago from debris or formation of the solar system
Classifications of asteroids
C-type - chondrite, clay, and silicates
S-type - stony, nickel, iron, and other silicates
M-type - metallic, pure nickel, and iron
Classifications of asteroids according to location
Main belt - asteroid belt
Near earth asteroid - near earth
Trojans - near jupiter land range
Parts of comet
Nucleus - 50 km across and only solid part of the comet
Coma - envelops or cloud of the nucleus
Tail - blown by solar wind
Comets
dirty snowballs
madeup of frozen gases rock and dust that orbit the sun
as the comet approachces the sun it heats up and its giant head starts to glow
is solid central part of the comet
generally around 50km across or less
an envelope or cloud created around the nucleus when the commet gets close to the sun and gases
created when the radiation and solar wind from the sun pushes some of the dust particles from the coma
Classifications of comets
long-period comets
named after Jan oort
outermost part of the solar system
originated from the oort cloud
2. Short-period comets
originated from the kuiper belt
area where most comets are found
located near the orbits of neptune up to pluto
3.Halley's Comet
short period comet
comes near earth every 75 to 76 years
visible to human eye
can be seen twice in a human lifetime
edmond halley
Meteroid, meteor, and meteorite
Meteoroids
rock and metallic in nature that orbits the solar system
generally composed of nickel and iron
iron (metallic) meteorite
stony (rocky) meteorite
stony-iron (combination) meteorite
Meteors
a streak of light created when a meteoroid enters earth's atmosphere and burns up
“shooting stars or falling stars"
also called fireballs
completely burn up in the atmosphere in most cases
Meteorites
large enough meteoroids that could still reach the surface of the earth
three types of meteorites according to composition
iron (metallic) meteorite
stony (rocky) or stone meteorite
stony-iron (combination) meteorite
Lesson 1 layers of the earth
Crust - top layer of the earth
Continental crust - can see the land
Thickness 30-45km
Oceanic crust - land under water
Thickness 6km
Weathering - process which involves breaking down of rocks and minerals
Mechanical weathering - doesnt use chemicals
Chemical weathering - uses of chemicals
Erosion - process of taking away of broken down rocks
Mohorovicic Discontinuity - boundary between the lower crust and upper mantle
Discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic (1909)
Mantle 84% of our earths volume
Peridotite- igneous rock that is dark and contains diamonds
Guttenberg Discontinuity - boundary between lower mantle and outer core
Discovered by Weichert Guttenberg (1912)
Core - central part of the layer that has two parts (inner and outer)
Discovered by Richald Oldham (1906)
Rich in sulfer and iron
Outer core - only liquid layer of the earth
responsible of the earth’s magnetic
2550 km
4500 - 5500 degrees Celsius
Inner core - Solid layer
Discovered by Inge Lehmann
1220 km radius
Lehmann’s Discontinuity boundary between inner core and outer core
Asthenosphere - ductile part of the earth 1000km to 7000km
Plate tectonic - theory that tells that earth’s crust is divided into several parts that move or slide on the mantle
Lesson 2
Earthquakes
Moro Gulf 197 earthquake - strongest earthquake in the phillipines
Earthquakes - sudden shaking of the ground that occurs along geological faults
Richter Scale - scale used for measuring earthquakes named after Charles Richter
Seismic wave - causes earthquakes (detected by Seismographs)
4 types of earth quake
Tectonic earthquake - tectonics that slide bump and move apart from each other
Volcanic earthquake - volcanic activity
Explosion earthquake - bombs
Collapse earthquake - a huge part of land masses collapse
Parts of earthquake
Epicenter - point directly above the surface
Fault - slipping of a block of earth’s crust
Focus / Hypocenter - origin of earthquake
Faults - found between two blocks of earth’s crust
weak point on earth’s crust
Hanging wall - above the fault plane
Foot wall - below the fault plane
Reverse fault - compression force
Left=hanging
Right=foot
Normal fault
Left=foot
right hanging
Strike slip fault - sliding off each other
Lesson 3
Typhoons -
NW - Typhoon
SP - cyclone
NA - hurricane
Typhoon - intense circular storms that originate over 1 tropical oceans and have a maximum sustained windspeed exceeding 119 km/h
Philippine,Atmospheric,Geophysical,Astronomical,Services,Administration (PAGASA)
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)
Strongest Typhoon = Yolanda
Typhoons are formed by warm and moist air
Tropical Cyclone = scientific form of typhoon
warm and moist air rises up and condensates and turn clouds specifically cumulonimbus
Parts of typhoon
Eye - center of typhoon were the air sinks and is mostly cloud free generally calm and does not exceed 24 km/h
Eye wall - composed of tall rings of thunder storms that produce heavy rains and strong winds changes in the eye wall can affect the wind speed
Rain bands - clouds that move away from the eye wall and moves in a spirally motion brings heavy rain and winds
Classifications of typhoons
Tropical depression - 6 kp/h
Severe tropical storm - 62- 88 kp/h
Severe tropical storm - 89-117 kp/h
Typhoon - 118-220 kp/h
Super typhoon - +220kp/h
Affects land masses and bodies of water to typhoons
Bodies of water = more water more stronger
Land masses = no water typhoon grows weaker
Lesson 4
Asteroids - are generally rocky and irregularly shaped celestial objects that are formed for over 1.6 billion years ago from debris or formation of the solar system
Classifications of asteroids
C-type - chondrite, clay, and silicates
S-type - stony, nickel, iron, and other silicates
M-type - metallic, pure nickel, and iron
Classifications of asteroids according to location
Main belt - asteroid belt
Near earth asteroid - near earth
Trojans - near jupiter land range
Parts of comet
Nucleus - 50 km across and only solid part of the comet
Coma - envelops or cloud of the nucleus
Tail - blown by solar wind
Comets
dirty snowballs
madeup of frozen gases rock and dust that orbit the sun
as the comet approachces the sun it heats up and its giant head starts to glow
is solid central part of the comet
generally around 50km across or less
an envelope or cloud created around the nucleus when the commet gets close to the sun and gases
created when the radiation and solar wind from the sun pushes some of the dust particles from the coma
Classifications of comets
long-period comets
named after Jan oort
outermost part of the solar system
originated from the oort cloud
2. Short-period comets
originated from the kuiper belt
area where most comets are found
located near the orbits of neptune up to pluto
3.Halley's Comet
short period comet
comes near earth every 75 to 76 years
visible to human eye
can be seen twice in a human lifetime
edmond halley
Meteroid, meteor, and meteorite
Meteoroids
rock and metallic in nature that orbits the solar system
generally composed of nickel and iron
iron (metallic) meteorite
stony (rocky) meteorite
stony-iron (combination) meteorite
Meteors
a streak of light created when a meteoroid enters earth's atmosphere and burns up
“shooting stars or falling stars"
also called fireballs
completely burn up in the atmosphere in most cases
Meteorites
large enough meteoroids that could still reach the surface of the earth
three types of meteorites according to composition
iron (metallic) meteorite
stony (rocky) or stone meteorite
stony-iron (combination) meteorite