WW1 #1-15 & #20

1. Militarism Each country built up arms/weapons/size of military/navy - to be more powerful

Germany became a major competitor/threat in Europe

2. Allied Powers (winners) France, Russia, Great Britain, USA, Serbia, Belgium (force), Italy (flipped)

3. Central Powers (losers) Germany (main aggressor), Austria-Hungary (started it), Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

4. Imperialism Competition over land, trade, and natural resources led to tension around the

world and even inside the boarders of Europe.

5. Alsace Lorraine The region of land France lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War (1871)

This seriously upset the French who were eager for revenge (pride)

6. Bosporus and the

Dardanelles Straits

Narrow passages of water connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.

Essential for the Balkans and Russia for warm water trade.

7. Nationalism Pride in one’s nation – eagerness to defend nation and national identity

Example: France over A.L and Serbia over P.S. nationalism (below)

8. Pan-Slavic Nationalism A desired/belief that the Balkans region of Europe should unite as one Slavic

country – to be able to compete with the rest of Europe (Note: Russians are Slavs)

Led by Serbia & threatened Austria-Hungary (next door)

9. Balkans This region is north of Greece – a bunch of countries that share Slavic heritage.

10. Assassination June 18, 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne –

killed by Serbian terrorist and this sparked WWI

11. Black Hand Secret terrorist group from Serbia responsible for the assassination that started

WWI; believe A.H empire was a threat to pan-Slavic nationalism.

12. The Ultimatum A.H empire issued Serbia a “choice” to let A.H officials into Serbia to investigate the

assassination or A.H. would declare war (so war began).

13. Domino Effect A.H declared war on Serbia over the assassination

Russia declared war in A.H to protect its ally & fellow Slav- Serbia

Germany declared war on Russia b/c ally of A.H.

France declared war on Germany to support Russia (and create a two front war)

14. Schlieffen Plan Germany plan to avoid a two-front war – surprise attack France thru Belgium

(north) to quickly destroy France before Russia mobilizes.

Problem: a. British helped Belgium and b. Russia mobilized faster than expected.

15. Two Front War When one power fights in two different directions – splitting its military forces.

WWI: Germany fought on its western border with France and eastern border with

Russia at the same time.

20. Modern Weapons long range weapons – 10 miles away, machines guns, shrapnel (debris) from

artillery, poisonous gas – blind, choke, blisters, burns – dangerous b/c shifting

winds, tanks, Airplanes (with machine guns or to drop bombs), Submarines (U-boats

to the Germans), warships with powerful guns, zeppelins/blimp- Germans used

large gas-filled balloon to bomb English