Psych Lecture_2.pptx__1_

Chapter Overview

Title

• NRSB331-Mental Health Nursing
  - Chapters 6 & 7: Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Safe Nursing Practice, The Nursing Process and Standards of Care for Psychiatric Nursing
  - Prof. Jerry Cervantes, MSN, RN

Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Guidelines

Mental Health Laws

• Differentiate between ethics and bioethics.

• Five critical ethical principles: Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, Fidelity, Veracity.

Ethics vs. Bioethics

• Ethics: Study of philosophical beliefs regarding right and wrong in society.

• Bioethics: Ethical dilemmas in healthcare.

• Ethical dilemma: Conflicts between two or more actions, each with pros and cons.

Six Principles of Bioethics

1. Autonomy: Respecting individuals' rights to make decisions.

2. Beneficence: Duty to promote good.

3. Nonmaleficence: Commitment to do no harm.

4. Justice: Equity in distributing care/resources.

5. Fidelity: Commitment to act without wronging patients.

6. Veracity: Duty to communicate truthfully.

Core Concepts

• Moral Behavior: Results from critical thinking about treatment of others.

• Values: Personal beliefs about the important and desirable.

• Values Clarification: Process of identifying and ranking personal values.

Rights Under the Law

• Right to treatment and to refuse treatment.

• Right to informed consent: Must be informed and obtained by physician or advanced provider.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychiatric Nursing

• Right to refuse medication, least restrictive treatment alternatives, confidentiality, informed consent.

• Duty to warn and protect third parties, laws regarding abuse reporting, restraints, and seclusion.

Documentation

• Medical records are legal documents; crucial for evaluating outcomes; must accurately reflect conditions and treatment.

Chapter 7: The Nursing Process and Standards of Care

Objectives

• Compare assessment approaches for children, adolescents, and older adults.

• Differentiate between the use of interpreters and translators.

• Conduct mental status examinations and psychosocial assessments.

• Apply the nursing process to mental health care concerns.

Role of the Nurse in Psychiatry

• Assist client adaptation to stressors.

• Goals focus on changing age-appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

• Integral member of the interdisciplinary team; requires sound knowledge of psychopathology, legal implications, and scope of practice.

The Nursing Process: Steps

1. Assessment: Data collection for a client database (MSE, psychosocial assessment).

2. Diagnosis: Analyze data, formulate diagnoses, prioritize problems.

3. Outcomes Identification: Use Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to evaluate nursing intervention effects.

4. Planning: Use Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) for standardized language in treatments.

5. Implementation: Execute selected interventions including pharmacological and integrative therapies.

6. Evaluation: Measure progress towards expected outcomes and assess effectiveness.

Case Study Example: Mr. R

• Patient with early Alzheimer’s, monitored by neighbor and sister for safety and care. Recent weight loss noted. Assessments include spiritual/religious and cultural/social evaluations.

Ethical and Legal Considerations in Nursing Practice

• Legal issues include nursing liability, confidentiality, and rights of involuntary patients. Laws surrounding admission procedures vary and can include involuntary commitment under certain conditions.

Clinical Practice and Implementation

• Important caregiving considerations include safe, appropriate, realistic, individualized, and evidence-based planning. Evaluation processes must align with Nursing Outcomes Classifications.

Final Remarks

• In psychiatric nursing, communication, relationship-building, and careful documentation are pivotal for effective patient care and legal protection.