Reproduction

Learning Goal: I can label and describe the function of the key components of the reproductive systems of males and females.


Female Reproductive System:

Vagina:

  • Muscular, hollow, tube-shaped organ

  • Functions: Sexual intercouse, the pathway that a baby takes out of a womens body during childbirth, the rate for menstrual blood to leave the body from the uterus.


Cervix:

  • Doorway connects vagina to the uterus

  • A very small hole that dialates only during childbirth

  • Above the vagina


Endometrium (More in Menstrual Cycle):

  • Place to provide nutrietion to allow fertilised egg to grow

  • Thickened blood sack

  • Day 4 begins to thicken with blood

  • If egg is not fertilised endometrium will break down.

  • Discomfort is caused by hormone imbalance different hormones are present and pain comes from the shedding of endometrium. → Elevated hormones, Genetics, other diseases.

  • Lining of the uterus


Uterus:

  • Shaped like an upside - down pear

  • Thick lining

  • Muscular Walls

  • Expands and contracts to accomodate growing fetus

  • Push baby out


Fallopian Tube:

  • Connects the uterus to the ovaries

  • The egg travels through the fallopian tube and is often fertilised in the fallopian tube.


Ovaries:

  • Two oval shaped organs that lie to the upper right and left of the uterus.

  • To produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes (Ovulation)


Male Reproductive System:



Produces and supplies sperm


How sperm is produced:

Testes → Cells → Hormones (Testosterone + ABP) → Sperm


Order:

Testes → Epididymus → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Urethra → Penis


How Sperm Production happens:

Puberty → Pituitary Glands → Release hormones → Allows Sperm Production


Testes:

  • Produce sperm


Epididymus:

  • On top of testes

  • Grows + stores sperm

  • Set of coiled tubes

  • Connects to Vas Deferens

  • Stores, Matures and transports sperm


Seminal Vesicals

  • Semen (frutcose - Sperm energy)

  • Mixes with sperm

  • Sac attached to the Vas Deferens

  • 2/3 fluid that combines with sperm to make semen.


Uretha:

  • Vas Deferens connects to the Uretha

  • This connects to penis


Vas Deferens:

  • Transpot Sperm

  • Loops around bladder

  • Transport sperm containing fluid called semen

  • Upward alongside the testicles


Ejaculatory:

  • Prostatic Urethra


Penis:

  • Made up of sponge-like tissue that can expand and contract

  • Made up of two parts: The shaft (Main part) + The glans (The tip)

  • At the endo of the glans is a small slit or opening, which is where semen and urine exit the body through the Urethra


Scrotum:

  • A pouch outside of the body

  • Helps regulate the temperature of the testicles which need to be kept cooler than body temp to produce sperm (Homeostasis)


Sperm:

Acrosome (Contains digestive enzymes):

  • Digestive enzymes break down the outer layer of the egg


Nucleus:

  • Contains 23 chromosones half of a humans DNA


Collar:

  • Mitochondria → Energy for movement


Tail:

  • Movement

  • Swim