Reproduction

Learning Goal: I can label and describe the function of the key components of the reproductive systems of males and females.

Female Reproductive System:

Vagina:

  • Muscular, hollow, tube-shaped organ

  • Functions: Sexual intercouse, the pathway that a baby takes out of a womens body during childbirth, the rate for menstrual blood to leave the body from the uterus.

Cervix:

  • Doorway connects vagina to the uterus

  • A very small hole that dialates only during childbirth

  • Above the vagina

Endometrium (More in Menstrual Cycle):

  • Place to provide nutrietion to allow fertilised egg to grow

  • Thickened blood sack

  • Day 4 begins to thicken with blood

  • If egg is not fertilised endometrium will break down.

  • Discomfort is caused by hormone imbalance different hormones are present and pain comes from the shedding of endometrium. → Elevated hormones, Genetics, other diseases.

  • Lining of the uterus

Uterus:

  • Shaped like an upside - down pear

  • Thick lining

  • Muscular Walls

  • Expands and contracts to accomodate growing fetus

  • Push baby out

Fallopian Tube:

  • Connects the uterus to the ovaries

  • The egg travels through the fallopian tube and is often fertilised in the fallopian tube.

Ovaries:

  • Two oval shaped organs that lie to the upper right and left of the uterus.

  • To produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes (Ovulation)

Male Reproductive System:

Produces and supplies sperm

How sperm is produced:

Testes → Cells → Hormones (Testosterone + ABP) → Sperm

Order:

Testes → Epididymus → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Urethra → Penis

How Sperm Production happens:

Puberty → Pituitary Glands → Release hormones → Allows Sperm Production

Testes:

  • Produce sperm

Epididymus:

  • On top of testes

  • Grows + stores sperm

  • Set of coiled tubes

  • Connects to Vas Deferens

  • Stores, Matures and transports sperm

Seminal Vesicals

  • Semen (frutcose - Sperm energy)

  • Mixes with sperm

  • Sac attached to the Vas Deferens

  • 2/3 fluid that combines with sperm to make semen.

Uretha:

  • Vas Deferens connects to the Uretha

  • This connects to penis

Vas Deferens:

  • Transpot Sperm

  • Loops around bladder

  • Transport sperm containing fluid called semen

  • Upward alongside the testicles

Ejaculatory:

  • Prostatic Urethra

Penis:

  • Made up of sponge-like tissue that can expand and contract

  • Made up of two parts: The shaft (Main part) + The glans (The tip)

  • At the endo of the glans is a small slit or opening, which is where semen and urine exit the body through the Urethra

Scrotum:

  • A pouch outside of the body

  • Helps regulate the temperature of the testicles which need to be kept cooler than body temp to produce sperm (Homeostasis)

Sperm:

Acrosome (Contains digestive enzymes):

  • Digestive enzymes break down the outer layer of the egg

Nucleus:

  • Contains 23 chromosones half of a humans DNA

Collar:

  • Mitochondria → Energy for movement

Tail:

  • Movement

  • Swim