PsychopharmacologyStudyGuide_USletter

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)

  • Indications: Depression, OCD, Bulimia, Panic Disorder

  • Dosing: 20-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Takes several weeks for full effect

• Sertraline (Zoloft)

  • Indications: Depression, OCD, PTSD, Social Anxiety

  • Dosing: 50-200 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: May cause diarrhea in some patients

• Paroxetine (Paxil)

  • Indications: Depression, OCD, PTSD, Panic Disorder

  • Dosing: 20-50 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness

  • Notes: Avoid abrupt discontinuation

• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

  • Indications: OCD, Depression, Panic Disorder, PTSD

  • Dosing: 50-300 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness

  • Notes: Used off-label for anxiety disorders

• Citalopram (Celexa)

  • Indications: Depression, Panic Disorder, OCD

  • Dosing: 20-40 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Lower dose in elderly and hepatic impairment

• Escitalopram (Lexapro)

  • Indications: Depression, GAD, Panic Disorder

  • Dosing: 10-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Considered one of the most selective SSRIs

SPARI (Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor)

• Vilazodone (Viibryd)

  • Indications: Depression, GAD

  • Dosing: 10-40 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Has partial serotonin agonist activity

SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor)

• Venlafaxine (Effexor)

  • Indications: Depression, GAD, Social Anxiety

  • Dosing: 75-225 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Can increase blood pressure

• Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

  • Indications: Depression, GAD, Diabetic Neuropathy

  • Dosing: 30-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia

  • Notes: Also used for fibromyalgia and chronic pain

NDRI (Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor)

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

  • Indications: Depression, Smoking Cessation, ADHD

  • Dosing: 150-450 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, agitation, GI upset, headache

  • Notes: Lower seizure threshold, avoid in bulimia

SARI (Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor)

• Trazodone (Desyrel)

  • Indications: Depression, Insomnia

  • Dosing: 50-300 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, priapism, orthostatic hypotension

  • Notes: May be used off-label for insomnia

TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressant)

• Amitriptyline (Elavil)

  • Indications: Depression, Neuropathic Pain, Migraine

  • Dosing: 25-150 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension

  • Notes: Dose adjustments in elderly

• Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

  • Indications: Depression, Neuropathic Pain, Migraine

  • Dosing: 25-150 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Less sedating, more selective than others

  • Notes: Taper slowly to avoid withdrawal

MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor)

• Phenelzine (Nardil)

  • Indications: Depression, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety

  • Dosing: 15-90 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome

  • Notes: Dietary restrictions: avoid tyramine-rich foods

• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

  • Indications: Depression, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety

  • Dosing: 20-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome

  • Notes: Dietary restrictions: avoid tyramine-rich foods

NaSSA (Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants)

• Mirtazapine (Remeron)

  • Indications: Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia

  • Dosing: 15-45 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, weight gain, increased appetite

  • Notes: Monitor for weight gain

GABA-A Modulator

• Brexanolone (Zulresso)

  • Indications: Postpartum Depression

  • Dosing: Variable doses

  • Route: IV

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, loss of consciousness

  • Notes: Requires administration in a healthcare setting

NMDA Antagonist

• Ketamine (Ketalar)

  • Indications: Treatment-Resistant Depression, PTSD

  • Dosing: Variable doses

  • Route: IV

  • Side Effects: Dissociation, increased blood pressure

  • Notes: Monitor for dissociative effects

MOOD STABILIZERS

Mood Stabilizer

• Lithium Carbonate (Eskalith)

  • Indications: Bipolar Disorder, Mania, Maintenance Therapy

  • Dosing: 600-2400 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Tremor, polyuria, weight gain, renal toxicity

  • Notes: Requires monitoring of serum levels and renal function

Anticonvulsants

• Valproic Acid (Depakote)

  • Indications: Bipolar Disorder, Epilepsy

  • Dosing: 500-2500 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, weight gain, hepatotoxicity

  • Notes: Monitor liver function tests

• Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

  • Indications: Bipolar Disorder, Epilepsy

  • Dosing: 200-1600 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, sedation, hyponatremia, hepatotoxicity

  • Notes: Monitor CBC and liver function tests

• Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

  • Indications: Bipolar Disorder, Epilepsy

  • Dosing: 600-2400 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, hyponatremia, rash, hepatotoxicity

  • Notes: Monitor for rash and hyponatremia

• Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

  • Indications: Bipolar Disorder, Epilepsy

  • Dosing: 25-200 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Rash (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), dizziness

  • Notes: Titration needed to prevent rash

ANXIOLYTICS

Benzodiazepines

• Alprazolam (Xanax)

  • Indications: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder

  • Dosing: 0.25-4 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, cognitive impairment, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Short-acting benzodiazepine, may cause rebound anxiety upon discontinuation

• Chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal

  • Dosing: 25-100 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, confusion, ataxia, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Long-acting benzodiazepine, monitor for signs of overdose

• Clonazepam (Klonopin)

  • Indications: Panic Disorder, Seizure Disorders

  • Dosing: 0.25-4 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, cognitive impairment, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Long-acting benzodiazepine, may be used off-label for social anxiety disorder

• Clorazepate (Azene)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal

  • Dosing: 7.5-30 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, confusion, ataxia, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Metabolized to active metabolite nordiazepam

• Diazepam (Valium)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal, Muscle Spasms

  • Dosing: 2-10 mg three times daily

  • Route: Oral/IV

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, cognitive impairment, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Parenteral administration may cause venous irritation

• Lorazepam (Ativan)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal, Seizure Disorders

  • Dosing: 0.5-6 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM/IV

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, cognitive impairment, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Parenteral administration may cause respiratory depression

• Oxazepam (Serax)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Alcohol Withdrawal

  • Dosing: 10-30 mg three times daily

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, confusion, ataxia, risk of dependence

  • Notes: Preferred in elderly or patients with hepatic impairment

GABA Analog

• Gabapentin (Neurontin)

  • Indications: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Neuropathic Pain

  • Dosing: 100-600 mg three times daily

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, somnolence, peripheral edema, weight gain

  • Notes: Off-label use for anxiety disorders and mood stabilization

• Pregabalin (Lyrica)

  • Indications: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Neuropathic Pain

  • Dosing: 150-600 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, somnolence, weight gain, peripheral edema

  • Notes: Schedule V controlled substance, may have abuse potential

GABA Uptake Inhibitor

• Tiagabine (Gabitril)

  • Indications: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • Dosing: 4-56 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, asthenia, tremor, confusion

  • Notes: Use with caution in patients with a history of seizures

Antihistamine

• Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)

  • Indications: Anxiety, Pruritus

  • Dosing: 25-100 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation

  • Notes: May be used as adjunctive therapy for anxiety

Azapirone

• Buspirone (BuSpar)

  • Indications: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • Dosing: 5-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Nausea, dizziness, headache, nervousness

  • Notes: Non-sedating anxiolytic, onset of action may take several weeks

HYPNOTICS

Nonbenzodiazepines

• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

  • Indications: Insomnia

  • Dosing: 1-3 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Taste disturbance, dizziness, headache

  • Notes: Take on an empty stomach

• Zaleplon (Sonata)

  • Indications: Insomnia

  • Dosing: 5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, nausea

  • Notes: Rapid onset and short duration of action

• Zolpidem (Ambien)

  • Indications: Insomnia

  • Dosing: 5-10 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, somnolence, sleepwalking

  • Notes: May cause complex sleep-related behaviors

Orexin Receptor Antagonist

• Suvorexant (Belsomra)

  • Indications: Insomnia

  • Dosing: 5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, somnolence, sleep paralysis

  • Notes: Take with at least 7 hours remaining for sleep

Melatonin Receptor Agonists

• Melatonin (Natrol)

  • Indications: Insomnia, Circadian Rhythm Disorders

  • Dosing: 0.5-10 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, daytime drowsiness

  • Notes: Helpful for jet lag and shift work sleep disorder

• Ramelteon (Rozerem)

  • Indications: Insomnia

  • Dosing: 8 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, somnolence, fatigue

  • Notes: No abuse potential

• Tasimelteon (Hetlioz)

  • Indications: Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder

  • Dosing: 20-100 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, elevated liver enzymes

  • Notes: Only FDA-approved for Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder

WAKE-PROMOTING AGENTS

CNS Stimulants

• Modafinil (Provigil)

  • Indications: Narcolepsy, Shift Work Sleep Disorder, Obstructive Sleep Apnea

  • Dosing: 100-400 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, nausea, insomnia, nervousness

  • Notes: Schedule IV controlled substance

• Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

  • Indications: Narcolepsy, Shift Work Sleep Disorder, Obstructive Sleep Apnea

  • Dosing: 150-250 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, nausea, insomnia, nervousness

  • Notes: Longer half-life compared to modafinil

• Solriamfetol (Sunosi)

  • Indications: Narcolepsy, Obstructive Sleep Apnea

  • Dosing: 75-150 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Headache, nausea, insomnia, anxiety

  • Notes: Schedule IV controlled substance

• Pitolisant (Wakix)

  • Indications: Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 4.45-35.6 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, nausea, anxiety, irritability

  • Notes: Potential for QT prolongation

CNS Depressant

• Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem)

  • Indications: Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 4.5-9 g/night

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, dizziness

  • Notes: Restricted distribution due to abuse potential

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

GABA Modulator

• Acamprosate (Campral)

  • Indications: Alcohol Use Disorder

  • Dosing: 666 mg three times a day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, depression, anxiety

  • Notes: Enhances abstinence and decreases alcohol cravings

Alcohol Deterrent

• Disulfiram (Antabuse)

  • Indications: Alcohol Use Disorder

  • Dosing: 250-500 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting

  • Notes: Avoid alcohol-containing products due to disulfiram reaction

Opioid Agonist / Antagonist

• Buprenorphine (Suboxone)

  • Indications: Opioid Use Disorder

  • Dosing: 4-24 mg/day

  • Route: SL

  • Side Effects: Constipation, nausea, headache, insomnia, withdrawal

  • Notes: Sublingual administration, can precipitate withdrawal

• Opioid Agonist (Methadone)

  • Indications: Opioid Use Disorder

  • Dosing: Variable doses

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, constipation, respiratory depression

  • Notes: Requires specialized clinics for administration

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

• Lofexidine (Lucemyra)

  • Indications: Opioid Withdrawal

  • Dosing: 0.54-2.16 mg every 5-6 hours

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, dry mouth

  • Notes: Used for opioid withdrawal symptoms

OPIOID ANTAGONIST

• Nalmefene (Selincro)

  • Indications: Alcohol Use Disorder

  • Dosing: 18 mg as needed

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, insomnia, fatigue

  • Notes: Taken as needed before drinking episodes

• Naloxone (Narcan)

  • Indications: Opioid Overdose

  • Dosing: 0.4-2 mg IV, IM, SC

  • Route: IV/IM

  • Side Effects: Acute withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting

  • Notes: Used for emergency treatment of opioid overdose

• Naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol)

  • Indications: Alcohol Use Disorder, Opioid Use Disorder

  • Dosing: 50 mg/day (oral) or 380 mg/month (IM)

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue

  • Notes: Long-acting IM formulation for opioid use disorder

ADHD

CNS Stimulants

• Amphetamine (D,L-) (Adderall)

  • Indications: ADHD, Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 5-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, irritability

  • Notes: Schedule II controlled substance

• Amphetamine (D-) (Dexedrine)

  • Indications: ADHD, Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 5-40 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, irritability

  • Notes: Schedule II controlled substance

• Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

  • Indications: ADHD, Binge Eating Disorder

  • Dosing: 20-70 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, irritability

  • Notes: May have lower abuse potential compared to other stimulants

• Methylphenidate (D,L-) (Ritalin, Concerta)

  • Indications: ADHD, Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 5-60 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, irritability

  • Notes: Schedule II controlled substance

• Methylphenidate (D-) (Focalin)

  • Indications: ADHD, Narcolepsy

  • Dosing: 5-40 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, irritability

  • Notes: Schedule II controlled substance

Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

• Atomoxetine (Strattera)

  • Indications: ADHD

  • Dosing: 40-100 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: GI upset, insomnia, decreased appetite, suicidal ideation

  • Notes: Non-stimulant option for ADHD treatment

Noradrenergic Modulator

• Viloxazine (Qelbree)

  • Indications: ADHD

  • Dosing: 100-400 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Somnolence, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea

  • Notes: Approved for pediatric patients ages 6 to 17 years

Alpha-2 Agonists

• Clonidine (Catapres)

  • Indications: ADHD, Hypertension

  • Dosing: 0.1-0.4 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, constipation

  • Notes: Monitor for rebound hypertension and withdrawal symptoms

• Guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex)

  • Indications: ADHD, Hypertension

  • Dosing: 1-4 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, constipation

  • Notes: Monitor for rebound hypertension and withdrawal symptoms

DEMENTIA

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

• Donepezil (Aricept)

  • Indications: Alzheimer's Disease

  • Dosing: 5-10 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, muscle cramps

  • Notes: Administer in the evening to reduce insomnia

• Rivastigmine (Exelon)

  • Indications: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease Dementia

  • Dosing: 1.5-6 mg twice daily

  • Route: Oral/Patch

  • Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, dizziness

  • Notes: Transdermal patch available for once-daily dosing

• Galantamine (Razadyne)

  • Indications: Alzheimer's Disease

  • Dosing: 8-24 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, dizziness

  • Notes: May have nicotinic receptor modulating effects

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

• Memantine (Namenda)

  • Indications: Alzheimer's Disease

  • Dosing: 5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, constipation, confusion

  • Notes: May be used in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors

ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Typical Antipsychotics

• Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 25-300 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

  • Notes: Can cause significant sedation and hypotension

• Fluphenazine (Prolixin)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 1-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

  • Notes: Long-acting injectable formulations available

• Haloperidol (Haldol)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 0.5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms

  • Notes: High potency, risk of extrapyramidal symptoms

• Loxapine (Loxitane)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 10-250 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

  • Notes: May cause less extrapyramidal symptoms compared to other typical antipsychotics

• Perphenazine (Trilafon)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 8-64 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

  • Notes: Long-acting injectable formulations available

• Thioridazine (Mellaril)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Nausea/Vomiting

  • Dosing: 50-800 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

  • Notes: May have higher risk of QT prolongation compared to other typical antipsychotics

Atypical Antipsychotics

• Clozapine (Clozaril)

  • Indications: Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia

  • Dosing: 12.5-900 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Agranulocytosis, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, sedation

  • Notes: Requires regular monitoring of ANC due to risk of agranulocytosis

• Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder

  • Dosing: 5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Weight gain, metabolic syndrome, sedation, orthostatic hypotension

  • Notes: Higher risk of metabolic side effects compared to other atypical antipsychotics

• Quetiapine (Seroquel)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder

  • Dosing: 50-800 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, metabolic syndrome

  • Notes: Extended-release formulation available for once-daily dosing

• Asenapine (Saphris)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder

  • Dosing: 5-20 mg/day

  • Route: Sublingual

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, metabolic syndrome

  • Notes: Sublingual administration may lead to oral hypoesthesia and dysgeusia

• Risperidone (Risperdal)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Irritability associated with Autism

  • Dosing: 0.5-6 mg/day

  • Route: Oral/IM

  • Side Effects: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms

  • Notes: Long-acting injectable formulation available for once-monthly dosing

• Paliperidone (Invega)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia

  • Dosing: 3-12 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, akathisia

  • Notes: Metabolite of risperidone with extended-release formulation

• Ziprasidone (Geodon)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder

  • Dosing: 20-160 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, QT prolongation, sedation, weight gain

  • Notes: Should be taken with food due to increased bioavailability

• Iloperidone (Fanapt)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia

  • Dosing: 1-12 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, QT prolongation, weight gain, sedation

  • Notes: Titrate dose slowly due to risk of orthostatic hypotension

• Lurasidone (Latuda)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Depression

  • Dosing: 20-160 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, akathisia, weight gain, sedation

  • Notes: Should be taken with food for increased absorption

• Lumateperone (Caplyta)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia

  • Dosing: 42-84 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Somnolence, dizziness, weight gain, dry mouth

  • Notes: May have lower metabolic side effects compared to other atypical antipsychotics

• Aripiprazole (Abilify)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder

  • Dosing: 2-30 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Akathisia, insomnia, headache, weight gain

  • Notes: Less risk of metabolic side effects compared to other atypical antipsychotics

• Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder

  • Dosing: 1-4 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Akathisia, insomnia, headache, weight gain

  • Notes: May have less akathisia compared to aripiprazole

• Cariprazine (Vraylar)

  • Indications: Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder

  • Dosing: 1.5-6 mg/day

  • Route: Oral

  • Side Effects: Akathisia, insomnia, headache, weight gain

  • Notes: May have less metabolic side effects compared to other atypical antipsychotics