Here is a brief description of each of the terms listed:

1. Absolute threshold - The smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected.

2. Transduction - The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural impulses that the brain can interpret.

3. Just noticeable difference - The minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected.

4. Sensory adaptation - The diminished sensitivity to a stimulus as a result of constant exposure.

5. Weber's law - The principle that the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity.

6. Synesthesia - A condition where one sense is simultaneously perceived as if by one or more additional senses.

7. Retina - The layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and trigger nerve impulses.

8. Blind spot - The point in the visual field where the optic nerve leaves the retina, and there are no photoreceptors.

9. Visual (optic) nerve - The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

10. Photoreceptors - Cells in the retina that respond to light.

11. Rods - Photoreceptors in the retina responsible for vision at low light levels.

12. Lens - The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

13. Accommodation - The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.

14. Nearsightedness - A condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry.

15. Farsightedness - A condition where distant objects are seen more clearly than close ones.

16. Trichromatic theory - A theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green.

17. Opponent-process theory - A theory of color vision that states that color perception is controlled by the activity of two opposing systems.

18. Fovea - The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.

19. Cones - Photoreceptor cells in the retina that function best in bright light and are essential for color vision.

20. Ganglion cells - Neurons that relay information from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve.

21. Dichromatism - A form of color blindness in which one of the three cone pigments is missing or nonfunctional.

22. Monochromatism - Complete color blindness; vision is only in shades of light and dark.

23. Prosopagnosia - The inability to recognize faces, also known as face blindness.

24. Blindsight - A condition in which a person can respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them.

25. Place theory - A theory of hearing which states that different pitches are heard because different sound waves trigger activity at different places along the cochlea.

26. Volley theory - A theory of hearing which suggests that neurons respond to sound waves by firing in a volley pattern.

27. Frequency theory - A theory of hearing which suggests that the frequency of a tone corresponds to the frequency of the neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve.

28. Conduction deafness - Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.

29. Sensorineural deafness - Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves.

30. Pheromones - Chemical signals released by an animal that communicate information and affect the behavior of other animals.

31. Gustation - The sense of taste.

32. Olfaction - The sense of smell.

33. Gate control theory - The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain.

34. Phantom limb syndrome - The sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached and experiencing sensations.

35. Vestibular sense - The sense of body movement and position, including balance.

36. Semicircular canals - Structures in the inner ear that are responsible for the sense of balance.

37. Kinesthesis - The sense of movement and body position.

38. Top-down processing - Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions based on experience and expectations.

39. Bottom-up processing - Sensory analysis that begins at the entry level, with information flowing from the sensory receptors to the brain.

40. Perceptual sets - A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

41. Gestalt psychology - A psychological approach that emphasizes the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts in perception.

42. Figure/ground - The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

43. Selective attention - The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, while ignoring other stimuli.

44. Cocktail party effect - The ability to focus on one particular sound while filtering out other sounds.

45. Inattentional blindness - Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

46. Change blindness - Failing to notice changes in the environment.

47. Binocular depth cues - Depth cues that depend on the use of both eyes.

48. Monocular depth cues - Depth cues that are available to either eye alone.

49. Retinal disparity - A binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyes.

50. Interposition - A monocular cue for depth perception; if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.

51. Linear perspective - A monocular cue for depth perception, where parallel lines appear to converge with distance.

Let me know if you need further elaboration on any of these terms.