Endocrine System Quiz

1. Which pituitary hormone reduces urine volume and increases blood volume?
a) Nephron stimulating hormone
b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c) Oxytocin
d) Natriuretic peptide
e) Urine hormone

2. The most conspicuous effects of GH-IGF-1 are on ___
a) bone
b) cartilage
c) muscle
d) bone, cartilage, and muscle
e) bone and cartilage

3. Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
a) Chromaffin cells
b) Alpha cells
c) Pancreatic polypeptide cells
d) Beta cells
e) Acinar cells

4. Which of the following defines hormone specificity?
a) Each cell can only respond to one hormone.
b) Each receptor binds to only one hormone.
c) Each hormone is derived from a single amino acid.
d) Each hormone is made only from one tissue.
e) missing

5. The body's reaction to stress is called what?
a) Myxedema
b) Destressing modulation
c) General adaptation syndrome
d) Up-regulation
e) Epinephrine-cortisol response

6. Which glands secrete their product by way of a duct directly onto an epithelial surface?
a) Exocrine
b) Autocrine
c) Paracrine
d) Amphicrine
e) Endocrine

7. What effect does thyroid hormone have on the body's metabolic rate?
a) It has no effect.
b) It increases it.
c) It increases then decreases it.
d) It decreases it.

8. Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this is in the form of ___
a) positive feedback
b) direct nervous stimulation
c) negative feedback inhibition
d) reverberation
e) All of the choices are correct.

9. Hormones display ____ effects when one hormone enhances the target organ's response to a second hormone that is secreted later.
a) synergistic
b) All of the choices are correct.
c) None of the choices are correct.
d) permissive
e) antagonistic

10. The endocrine system is comprised of ___ that secrete hormones
a) glands
b) cells
c) tissues
d) All of the choices are correct.
e) None of these choices are correct.

11. Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and insulin decreases it. This is an example of ___
a) the synergistic effect
b) hormone clearance
c) the cascade effect
d) the permissive effect
e) the antagonistic effect

12. Which of the following is an increase in the number of receptors making a target cell more sensitive to a hormone?
a) Down-regulation
b) Negative feedback inhibition
c) The antagonistic effect
d) Up-regulation
e) Enzyme amplification

13. The ____ secrete(s) ___, which promotes Na+ and water retention.
a) pancreas; cortisol
b) thyroid; calcitonin
c) kidneys; corticosterone
d) adrenal medulla; epinephrine
e) adrenal cortex; aldosterone

14. ____ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas ____ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms.
a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)
b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)*
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); oxytocin (OT)
d) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)
e) Oxytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

15. The nervous system reacts to stimuli ____ compared to the endocrine system, adapts ____ compared to the endocrine system, and has ____ effects compared to the endocrine system.
a) quickly; quickly; specific
b) slowly; quickly; specific
c) slowly; slowly; widespread
d) quickly; slowly; specific
e) quickly: quicklv: widespread

16. Negative feedback inhibition occurs when ____
a) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary
c) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland
d) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland
e) thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary

17. Which of these hormones does not stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?
a) ACTH
b) TRH
c) GnRH
d) TSH
e) PRL (Prolactin)

18. Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?
a) GHIH
b) CRH
c) ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
d) TSH
e) GHRH

19. ____ are secreted by one cell into the tissue, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology
a) Neuromodulators
b) Hormones
c) Paracrines
d) Neurotransmitters
e) Parahormones

20. Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete ___, which ___ blood glucose.
a) glucagon; raises
b) glucagon; lowers
c) insulin; lowers
d) insulin; raises
e) glucocorticoids; raises   

21. The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of ____

a) neuroendocrine reflexes

b) the hypophyseal portal system

c) secreting hormones that enter capillaries, travel down the portal venules, and diffuse out into the pituitary tissue

d) stimulating its tissue to synthesize hormones

e) None of the choices are correct.

22. Similar to neurotransmitters, hormones exert their action only on cells that have specific ____ that the hormones bind to.

a) metabolic pathways

b) cofactors

c) receptors

d) enzymes

e) gated channels

23. Most hormones are taken up and degraded by the ___ and ____

a) bone marrow; spleen

b) bone marrow; liver

c) spleen; liver

d) liver; kidney

e) spleen; kidney

24. The rate of hormone removal is called the ___, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the ___.

a) metabolic clearance rate; half-life

b) half-life; metabolic clearance rate

c) synergistic effect; half-life

d) antagonistic effect; metabolic clearance rate

e) None of the choices are correct.

25. The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by ____.

a) norepinephrine

b) aldosterone

c) cortisol

d) angiotensin

e) epinephrine

26. The absence of iodine in the diet leads to ___

a) hypocalcemia

b) hypoparathyroidism

c) hypoglycemia

d) hypoxemia

e) hypothyroidism

27. Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is false?

a) Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type I DM.

b) Both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin.

c) Diabetic neuropathy is a common long-term effect of DM

d) The body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM.

e) Type Il DM is more common than type I DM.

28. The ___ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

a) thyroid gland

b) parathyroid glands

c) thymus

d) pineal gland

e) pituitary gland

29. Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the ___ and the ___

a) liver; kidneys

b) liver; spleen

c) blood; kidneys

d) spleen; kidneys

e) adrenal glands; intestines